Release date: 2017-02-23
With the continuous development of gene sequencing technology, it is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as rare diseases, simple genetic diseases and cancer. However, a DNA computer developed from an information technology form established by encoding DNA sequences has real-time detection and monitoring of characteristic information of all activities in cells such as gene mutations, determination of cancer cells and other diseased cells, and automatic stimulation of tiny cells. The therapeutic effect of the dose.
Researchers at the Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) in the south of the Netherlands have recently demonstrated a new approach to using DNA computers to get controlled drugs into the bloodstream. The study was published in the February 17 issue of Nature Communications.
DNA as a computer chip technology that enables drugs to be delivered in the blood
It is reported that the study was led by the school's biomedical engineer Professor Maarten Merkx, and successfully developed the first DNA computer that can detect multiple antibodies in blood and perform subsequent procedures based on the test results. Researchers say this is an important step in the development of “smart drugs†to develop rheumatism and Crohn drugs with fewer side effects, lower costs, and better results.
"safety system" that will think
Antibody Template Chain Switch: Allows translation from antibody to DNA
The method proposed by the researchers at Eindhoven University of Technology is similar to a security system. Whether to open the door depends on the person standing in front of it: if the camera can identify the person, the door can be opened, if not recognized, the door It will be locked.
According to Professor Maarten Merkx, past diagnostic test research focused on recognition; the system is characterized by its ability to think (think) and connect to drug delivery drivers based on thoughts.
Development of DNA computers
Construction of automatic transfer switch model for simulation reaction dynamics based on data-based nonlinear least squares method
Compared with traditional genetic sequencers, DNA computers perform "thinking" actions, and "smart" is necessary. At present, traditional biological research only recognizes that DNA is a genetic information carrier. In fact, DNA is also very suitable for molecular calculation. The sequence of DNA determines that it can react with other DNA, and researchers can program the reaction circuits.
As early as 1994, American computer scientist Leonard M. Adleman solved a very famous problem by using DNA method - the direct path problem of Hamilton (commonly known as "salesman travel problem"). He skillfully uses the DNA single-strand to represent the road between each city and city, and encodes the sequence; thus, the “sticky ends†of each road are connected to the two correct cities according to the biochemical rules of the DNA combination. . He then mixed the copies of these DNA strands in test tubes, which were linked together in various possible combinations, and after a series of biochemical reactions over time, found the only answer to the problem.
In 2011, scientists used bacteria and DNA to successfully build the basic building block of digital device microprocessors - biological logic gates, and was considered to be the most advanced "biological circuit" at that time, and was closer to creating "living computers". step.
Nowadays, scientists have used DNA to develop intelligent DNA computer devices that can “detect†and “thinkâ€, making it possible to develop personalized “smart drugsâ€.
The three cores of intelligent DNA computers
Antibody template strand switch: allows antibodies to control DNase activity
1) Antibody detection
It is well known that the concentration of a specific antibody (immunoglobulin) in the body must be measured before diagnosing whether a person has a disease.
However, the input of traditional DNA computers is usually composed of other DNA and RNA molecules, which makes it extremely limited in biomedical applications.
To this end, Professor Maarten Merkx and colleagues have developed a DNA computer capable of attaching antibodies, which is said to be the first machine in the field.
2) Drug delivery
Through the "Antibody-Templated Strand Exchange", researchers can convert each antibody into a unique DNA fragment that can be recognized by DNA computers. The DNA computer determines whether or not drug delivery is required based on the recognition result.
The first author of the article, Dr. Wouter Engelen, explained that specific DNA molecular fragments have opened up a series of reactions that allow DNA computers to run various programs in an orderly manner. The current research has confirmed that the DNA computer they developed can control the activity of the enzyme, and the enzyme and the antibody belong to the same protein, so they believe that the device is expected to control the activity of the therapeutic antibody.
3) Drug treatment
Therapeutic antibodies are an effective drug (biological product) in the treatment of chronic diseases such as rheumatism and Crohn's disease. Professor Maarten Merkx believes that one of the potential applications of the system is to measure the amount of therapeutic antibodies in the blood and decide if it is necessary to supplement the additional drugs. In his view, the method directly connects to the antibody test during the treatment process, which can effectively prevent side effects and reduce the cost of medication.
Outlook: The human body is expected to become a DNA computer
DNA computer has become one of the hotspots of researchers in many countries in the world. The future of DNA computers is unique in the fields of research logic, deciphering passwords, gene programming, difficult disease prevention, and aerospace. Nowadays, electronic computers are far behind. The outlook is very optimistic.
Last September, Microsoft announced an ambitious plan to develop a "mini-DNA computer" that can enter the human body and run, monitor cancer cells and re-encode these cancer cells, turning cancer cells into healthy cells, hopefully at 10 Solve cancer within a year.
Yan Lei, an expert in gene editing, and an assistant professor in the Department of Bioengineering and Department of Chemistry and Systems Biology at Stanford University, recently said that CRISPR gene editing is expected to make a DNA computer that can be read, predicted and rewritten. Not only can it act as a monitoring device to detect potential pathogenic changes; it can also synthesize the required drugs in the human body to treat various difficult diseases such as cancer, heart disease and arteriosclerosis; it will also show its talents in restoring blind people's vision.
Source: CFDA
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