The Spodoptera moths are mainly endangered by the national moths, dragon's claws, and butterfly moths.
The larvae of P. petioles mainly damage the base of the petioles, shoot shoots, spikes and cowpeas, causing the leaves to hang down after being victimized, dry after wilting, hang on the branches, and fall off in the wind, causing severe baldness in the tip of the canopy. , greatly affect the viewing effect. The harmed shoots, wilting and dryness, affect the outlook. In northern China's large, medium, and small cities, there are many planting countries. Because of the beautiful shape of the country's crown, it is widely used as a street tree or a tree. In the event of pests and diseases, infection and transmission are extremely fast, causing great harm to the trees and affecting the ornamental effect.
In recent years, there have been repeated occurrences of the petite leafhoppers in Hengshui City of Hebei Province. After comparative experiments on the prevention and control period of several years, the author believes that it is very important to master the exact time of occurrence and development for comprehensive prevention and control of this pest. It is the most effective method to control the spraying of P. apetidum at hatching and before the 2nd instar larval stage. It is generally best to spray diflubenzuron in the middle and early June, and it can be combined with the phenology period of the year for prevention and treatment. This year, the Hengshui Garden Bureau sprayed chemical drugs on the streets of the country from June 3rd to 8th. It is generally controlled by the use of special drug vehicles to spray medicines, such as the claws of dragon claws and dwarf trees. The tall street trees will be pedestrians at night. When it is scarce, use the water jet's high-pressure water gun to prevent and cure. This spraying can effectively control the occurrence of the first generation of petiole moths. Spraying once again in mid-July, it can effectively control the small moth of the country.
Occurrence
In the northern regions, there are 2 generations a year, and winter larvae are found in pods and bark cracks. The first generation of adults occurred from mid-May to mid-June, and the first generation of P. petioles larvae began to hatch in mid-June and endangered eucalyptus until late July. The second generation of adults occurs from mid-July to early August. The larvae endanger eucalyptus trees from mid-July to September. After the newly hatched larvae look for the base of the petiole, they first pull silk and pull the net, and then enter the base to cause harm. Common pests in the jelly are mixed. With migration as a hazard, a larva can cause several compound leaves to fall off. The old mature larvae reel in the hole to make a thin cocoon, which lasts about 9 days.
The June overlap of generations is serious and various forms of insects can be seen. In July, two generations of larvae overlap, of which the second generation of larvae hatched very irregularly and seriously damaged. In general, in June and July, the small moths of the leafhoppers are more serious and a critical period for prevention and control. Bare branches appeared on the crown of August. After the pods of eucalyptus gradually formed in the middle and late August, most of the larvae migrated to the interior of the pods. In September, the pods became black, and in October most larvae entered the winter.
The adult emergence time is the highest in the morning, and it is strong in flight, with strong positive and more photogenic properties. The female adults lay their eggs on the back of the leaves, followed by the shoots or tender shoots. Spawning 1 egg per site, egg period is about 7 days. Two red spots appeared in the middle of the egg development. Two days later, the egg was black and the body of the bug was visible.
Control methods
Physical control Because 80% of the small-volume moths use winter in the second instar larvae of cowpeas, they kill the cowpeas in winter and burn them in a concentrated manner, reducing the source of insects. Winter trunks are tied with straw or straw ropes to trap overwintering larvae. When the summer larvae harm, the soybean pods were cut, the young shoots that were damaged after being damaged, and the burrowing shoots were cut off and burned centrally, which had a certain control effect on the occurrence of the second generation.
Biological control uses black light or sexual traps to trap adult insects. Hanging Stipa striata moth traps make them unable to mate and reduce the amount of females laid eggs, thereby reducing the population density. According to the living habits of the small moths, the first one-time traps are hung around the end of May each year, and the second time around the middle of July and the third time around the middle of August. The first is to master the period of hanging traps. Regularly replace lure and sticky board to ensure trapping effect.
In the middle and early June of June, a 25% diflubenzuron suspension was sprayed 1000-1500 times. Diflubenzuron prevented the larvae of the eggs from hatching or died immediately after hatching. In the larval period, the new epidermis of the insects was blocked. Delayed development, or lack of hardness, can not result in normal molting and death or deformity. The drug had the best control effect in the 2nd instar larvae stage. The greater the worm age, the worse the control effect. It can also be sprayed and treated with 50% chlorpyrifos 1000 times solution and 40% monocrotophos 1000 times solution.
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In China, nervous system drugs are also one of the drugs with the most rapid sales growth in recent years. In 2002, nervous system drugs occupied 5.9% of the entire pharmaceutical market share, and the total sales amount increased by 9.4%.
With the increasing trend of urbanization and aging, the elderly population in China has exceeded 120 million, and the incidence of geriatric diseases, especially mental diseases, is increasing year by year. With the increase of residents' income, the elderly's requirements for quality of life also increase. As a result, the demand for drugs to treat mental illnesses such as Alzheimer's has soared. In WHO drug classification, psychotropic drugs and nootropic drugs are grouped into one class. We briefly analyzed the development trend of this class of drugs through the clinical drug use data collected from more than 300 domestic key hospitals by Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.
The overall market size of this class of drugs is about 1.22 billion yuan, the consumption sum increased by 5.0% in 2002, but the sales quantity increased by 11.2%. The main reason why the consumption sum did not increase with the sales quantity is that several main varieties of this class of drugs, such as piracetam, cobalt bin amide and ginkgo biloba leaf, etc. In 2002, the price of selling units fell sharply due to bidding. Among these drugs, ginkgo biloba preparation occupies the largest market share, accounting for more than 1/3 of the market share, ganglioside ester and cobalt bin amide combined also occupy nearly 1/3 of the market share, piracetam and other "sitan" drugs occupy nearly 10% of the market share, the rest of the drugs occupy less than 5% of the market share. At present, more than 20 ginkgo leaf production enterprises, piracetam production enterprises more than 70, have entered the stage of price competition, profit repeatedly diluted.
In the first-line varieties, except ginkgo biloba leaves preparation maintained vigorous vitality, the growth of other varieties were weak, especially the traditional variety piracetam suffered from bidding
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