Radishes often cause a variety of physiological diseases under adverse natural and cultivation conditions, which seriously affect their yield and quality. The common physiological diseases are: Malformed roots: In the early stages of radish development, the main root growth point is damaged or obstructed, resulting in lateral root hypertrophy, fleshy root divarication or other types of malformations. According to the survey, where there is too much rain or irrigation, soil compaction; the application of organic fertilizer is not well cooked or uneven fertilization; soil plough layer is shallow or there are hard stones under the roots; underground pests are more, the main root is bitten at the seedling stage, etc. It is easy to form deformed roots. Rooting: The weather is long-term drought, the soil is dry for a long time, the growth of the roots is temporarily stopped, and then heavy rain or water is suddenly dropped, the roots grow rapidly, and the roots are prone to cracking. Black skin (or black heart): The soil is hard, hardened, and poorly ventilated. With the application of fresh manure, the microbial activity in the soil is strong, and some tissues appear black or black hearts due to lack of oxygen. In addition, radish infection with black rot will also appear black heart. Heart-heartedness: The heart is a disease caused by the rapid enlargement of the straight root and the lack of boron nutrition in the central delivery tissue. According to another study, the lack of potassium in the soil during cultivation, the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer at the later stage of growth, and the overgrowth of leaf clusters can also lead to heart failure. Spicy: The radish contains mustard oil. When its content is moderate, the radish has a good flavor. If there is too much of it, the pungent flavor is heavy. When the climate is hot, drought or organic fertilizer is insufficient, the radish mustard oil content is easily increased. To prevent and control physiological diseases of radish, the following measures should be taken in cultivation: Use fine varieties. Generally, the shallower varieties in the soil are less prone to malformed roots; those with less water content and denser meats are less prone to cracking; the varieties of white or white husks are lighter in taste and bitter. Choose the right plot. Before planting, choose a thick plot of land and plow deeply to make the soil loose. Scientific fertilizer application. The organic fertilizer applied to the soil must be fully decomposed and well-distributed. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be added appropriately to prevent the single application of large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer. For land that has been damaged year after year, land is treated with boric acid or borax 0.5 to 1 kg. In the straightening period, 0.2 to 0.5% borax can be sprayed on the boric acid solution, spraying once every 3 to 4 days, and spraying 3 to 4 times. Reasonably watered. Prevent it from drying out or over-drying.
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