The arrowhead, also known as the swallowtail grass, originates from southeastern China and is a perennial herb of Alismaaceae. Sagittarius root is a fibrous root system, thick and long, Songnen; Sagittaria's stem is divided into shortened stems, stolons, bulbs, short stems and upper soil layer, is the junction of the above-ground and underground parts of Sagittaria, the root of the root and leaves . Hermaphroditic different flowers, racemes. The bulbs of Sagittarius are rich in starch, containing 5.6% of protein and 0.2% of fat. They are rich in nutrients and have good flavor. They are winter and spring aquatic vegetables that people like to eat in the south of the Yangtze River. Folks are said to have a saying that “Inside Huowang drinks bowl of Sagittarius soupâ€. Our city has used low and bad fields and planted mushrooms, which has received good economic benefits. The cultivation techniques are summarized as follows: 1. The Sagittaria paeoniae can be planted for a long period of time, and the Suzhou planting period for the same species can be as long as 4 months. According to the Sagittarius's preparatory work, Sagittarius usually divided Sagittarius into the Sakyamuni River (Sazusaki, planted in May under the seedlings in May) and the Sagittarius (a late Sagittarius planted in May, planted in mid-July). There are three types: First, picking up winter fields, spring planting (early April), winter harvesting (November), one-year-old cooking, commonly known as “putting Huang Shiguâ€; first, lighting the former (grass) grass (in early July). In the late growth period (May), the top buds of Sagittaria were planted in the rows, commonly known as “Dendrobium sagittifoliaâ€; first, the indica, early indica and early rice were used as pre-harbors, for example, interplanting in Pak Pak Tin, and planted in mid-May in mid-May between white lines. The symbiotic period is 7 to 15 days and the land utilization rate is high. In the early rice and early postharvest pods, after the early rice and early pod harvest (early August), transplanting planting, called Qiushui (night arrowhead). Sagittarius rotates with rice, producing high yields, solid quality and savory flavor. The planting patterns commonly used in our city include "Early sorghum-Autumn Grasshopper--Summer Grass--Sagittarius", which is cooked for 2 years. 2. There are 3 methods for nurturing strong seedlings and sagittary seedlings. One is to use whole bulbs for seeding; the Other is to remove bulbs and leave bulbs on top buds; and thirdly, to use the knife to dig the top buds directly at the base of buds as seeds for seedlings. The whole bulbs are eaten, and the number of retained species is calculated for the whole bulbous species, generally 50-55 kilograms per mu. No matter what kind of method is used to raise seedlings, bulbs with good end buds, morphological characteristics, maturity, and uniformity should be selected. Varieties are generally: purple round (tight meat, slightly bitter, about 1300 kilograms per mu), Shen swing Sagittarius (sweetness of winter starch saccharification, not cold, 1000 kg per mu), Suzhou rhubarb (bulk water more, Delicate meat, about 700 kilograms). (1) Germination. In late March, the bulbs were dug out of the soil, cleaned, sun-dried for 1 or 2 days, until the tips of the buds slightly shrank, and then germinated in the turfgrass. During the germination, soak the grass in the water every day to ensure that each stem has sufficient water supply. Take care not to break the shoots when moving. Under the condition of ensuring temperature, after about 15 days, the terminal buds will begin to germinate. After germination of the top buds, they can be sowed in the well-prepared fields. (2) Childbirth. Putian to choose leeward sunny, fertile soil, paddy field area according to the planting area of ​​the field, generally 1? 10 to 15, Putian to be fine and smooth. If there is sufficient fertility in the field, there is no need to fertilize the field. Putian water layer is maintained at about 3 cm. Third, deep ripening, timely planting Sagittarius planting plots, the general requirements of the soil deep plowing maturity, plow layer in 20 ~ 25cm, and then soaked in the sun, increase the soil temperature, curing the soil. If the previous crop is early rice, immediately after harvest, immediately plow the soil, break up the soil and ripen the soil. The former shall be cooked twice, after the harvest, tillage and ripening, and removing the pier. The overall requirements for land preparation are soft soil, flat fields, and deep soil layers (about 20cm). Sagittarius base fertilizer is best to use pig manure or compost, generally Mushi 4000 kg or so, can also be Mushi 30 to 50 kg of compound fertilizer. The arrowhead planting period is longer, and the specific planting period depends on the previous crop. The planting density of Sagittaria can be determined based on two factors: one is planting sooner or later; the other is the level of soil fertility and fertilization. Early Sagittaria grows for a long period of time and has a lower density. Generally, it has 3300-4000 plants per acre with a row spacing of 60cm30-35cm; the density of Sagittarius can be higher at 4000-400 plants per acre. Poor fertility and low fertilization levels can be planted densely. There is no difference in different varieties. IV. Field management Field management mainly includes irrigation and drainage, recovery of fertilization materials, leaf folding, removal of weeds, and prevention and treatment of pests. (1) Irrigation drainage. The Sagittaria requires shallow water irrigation in the whole process of planting long leaves, stem elongation, and bulb expansion. However, there is a slight difference between different growth stages. When planting, shallow water irrigation is required. The water layer can be about 2cm. In the vigorous growth stage, the water layer can be deepened to 10-15cm. This is because the soil is loose and has low organic content. Due to the long-term flooding of the soil and the lack of oxygen, the Sagittaria sagittifolia could be dehydrated for a short period of time before the bulbs began to form (around the middle and late August of the Yangtze River). The benefits of doing so: one can prevent leggy; two can increase soil oxygen content; third is to promote bulb enlargement. The standard for holding fields is to leave the field completely dry, and when the soil surface is soft and hard, it is about 10cm. During the expansion of bulbs, the weather is relatively cool, the plant water requirement is reduced, and the water layer can be reduced to 2 to 3 cm. In this way, the water temperature and ground temperature are easily increased during the day, and the water temperature and ground temperature at night can be easily reduced, which is beneficial to nutrient accumulation and bulb expansion. If the bulbs are wintering in the fields, just keep the soil moist for a long time. (2) chase fertilizer material. Soils with good soil fertility and adequate basal fertilization usually do not need topdressing. Especially in the early period, we must prevent excess fertilizer and cause leggy. Insufficient growth, poor growth of the plots, can be applied to a small amount of fast-acting fertilizers, usually 5 kg of urea per mu or ternary compound fertilizer 10 kg. From the beginning of August, enter the nutrient accumulation stage, generally applying 10 kg of urea per mu, or 2000 ~ 2700 kg of human waste. Settled in the white pear and other crops of Sagittaria, after the harvest, but also pay attention to fertilization, to prevent plant growth off. (3) Folded leaves. The actual production proves that a Sagittaria plant can grow well as long as there are 10 functional leaves, and the excess leaves will affect the accumulation of nutrients and ventilation and light transmission in the field and should be promptly dismantled. For the fields where the footwork and plant growth are prosperous, the folding leaves should be implemented as an important technical measure. Putian is in the early stages of the Sagittaria's growth, combined with weeding, loosening loose soil between the Sagittaria plant lines, increasing soil nutrient content and increasing soil temperature. The weeds that fall down can be buried under the soil and used as fertilizer. After the beginning of autumn, all field management measures should be stopped, because at this time, entering the field will step on the stems and directly affect the yield. (4) Pest control. The pests that endanger Sagittarius are mainly aphids and borers (aphids). The disease is mainly smut. The locust will occur from the seedling stage to the plant withering, which mainly damages the young leaves and affects the normal growth of new leaves. Should use high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides, such as 10% imidacloprid wettable powder spray 2,500 times; smut virus often occurs in the early July high temperature and humidity weather, the disease on the formation of yellow and white on the leaves and petioles, after the tumor The bubble is full of white milky pulp, and finally the milky milk turns into a black powder and covers the entire leaf. It can be controlled by jinggangmycin and carbendazim, and the drug should be sprayed on the mushroom leaf as far as possible. Powdered pesticides were sprayed before dew had dried; water sprayed after dew had dried. Disable toxic pesticides. (5) Harvest and storage. The earliest harvesting period of Sagittaria is in the mid-to-late October. The best harvesting period should be until the end of November. Until February and February of the second year, it can be harvested at any time according to the needs of the market. There are two kinds of storage methods, leaving fields for storage and kiln storage. China Agricultural Network Editor
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