The bamboo rat has bamboo rats of the genus Bambusium in our country, Chinese bamboo rat, silver star rat and bamboo rat. Chinese bamboo rat is one of them, mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hubei, Sichuan and other places. It is a kind of special wild animal in China. Since the beginning of 1990, China has started artificial rearing and has been successful.
1. Biological characteristics of Chinese bamboo rat
1.1 Morphological characteristics Bamboo rats are about 30-40 cm in length.
1.2 Weight Adult rats weighing 2-4kg.
1.3 The body color of bamboo rats varies with age. From dark to light colors, the color of larvae is deeper than that of adults. The whole body is dark grey black. The color of the adult body's back is brownish gray and has long-spineled hairs. The coat and sides are slightly lighter. The body's abdomen hair is sparse, with white and dark hairs mixed with shiny fine hair, and pink hair can be seen through the hair. The color of the back and tail of individual individuals was gray-brown.
The Chinese bamboo rat is stout. Cylindrical. The head is blunt and the kiss is large. The eyes are small, the ears are hidden inside the hair quilt, and the hearing is sensitive. The limbs are short, but they are stout and clawed. They are tools for moving organs and digging holes for feeding. The tail is short. The incisors are short and large. Has the characteristics of rodents.
2. Living habits of Chinese bamboo rat
The bamboo rat excavated with its limbs and teeth, and has a strong ability to dig caves. Camp burrowing life, nocturnal. Sex enjoys living in a quiet, clean, dry, well-lit environment with fresh air. Gentle temperament, the male and female inseparable. Strong resistance, living temperature is suitable for 8-40C, the optimum temperature is 11.7-28.5C. Therefore, the Chinese bamboo rat is widely distributed.
2.1 The dietary Chinese bamboo rat is a herbivorous animal that can ingest the seeds and fruits of various types of bamboo, sugar cane, corn and other roots and grass roots. When it is lack of food, it also harms crops.
2.2 Breeding habits
2.2.1 Discrimination between male and female 1) The bamboo rat is of the same age as the adult, and the male is generally larger than the female. 2) Individuals of bamboo rats with similar body length are mainly identified from the characteristics of the external genitalia. This is the most obvious appearance between male and female individuals. Differential characteristics.
2.2.2 Wild mature bamboo rats and larvae reach sexual maturity within 7-8 months. Under conditions of artificial rearing, bamboo rats will be sexually mature from March to May.
2.2.3 Mating and littering The Chinese bamboo rat has a strong reproductive ability. Each dam can produce 3-4 fetuses per year and 2-6 per fetus. More than 8 can be reached. The wild bamboo rat reaches sexual maturity at 7-8 months, and the artificially raised bamboo rat matures for 4-5 months. Because the bamboo rat has the characteristics of stimulating ovulation, breeding must be repeated for 2-3 days to increase the pregnancy rate. The mating season is usually between 8 and 10 am in the morning and 6-9 pm in the evening. The winter and spring seasons are generally suitable for 6-9 am and 2-4 pm. The pregnancy period is generally about 2 months. After the mother bamboo rat gives birth, 12-36h can be mated with the male bamboo rat. And pregnancy rate is relatively high. Under normal circumstances, more than 40 days during the suckling period, the mother's estrus began again. The mother can't be scared when she is farrowing, otherwise she will not feed her own pups.
2.2.4 Larvae The growth of bamboo rats is relatively rapid. After being born, the pups will grow in breast milk. When a young rat is born for more than 20 days, it can crawl and eat a small amount of young roots and tender stems. Artificial feed can be fed. After the 45-day licking period, the pups weigh up to 0.25 kg and can either feed on their own or be isolated from the mother. Artificial rearing about 2 months, weighing up to 1kg. It can be sold.
3. Feeding sites and equipment for Chinese bamboo rat
3.1 Selection of breeding sites Zhu Xia's breeding, fur quality and health and epidemic prevention are closely related. According to the living habits of bamboo rats, Zhu rat breeding sites should be chosen to stay away from the crowd.
High ground, dry terrain, well-drained, leeward, quiet, clean, fresh air. And stay away from noisy highways, computer rooms, toilets, garbage dumps, sewage and poultry breeding sites. Rats should face south.
3.2 Construction of cages A small number of reared bamboo rats may use iron drums or large water tanks. Bottom or cylinder bottom pad can be. Batch feeding, available free homes. According to the height and size of the house, they are raised with iron cages. The cage specifications are 90cmx60cmx30cm and divided into three compartments. You can open the door above or in front of you. It can also be raised in ponds, made of bricks with dimensions of 60cmx40cmxcm, and one pair of bamboo rats. The inner surface of the pool is smooth with cement. The bottom is also leveled with cement to prevent the bamboo rat from escaping. At the same time, space for bamboo rat activity should be reserved when building a rat house.
4. Feeding management of Chinese bamboo rat
4.1 Introduce the initial breeding, suitable for domesticated bamboo rat as a provenance. As a progeny bamboo rat, it should be healthy and free of injuries. The wild bamboo rat adapts quickly to the local feeding environment and the reproduction rate is very high. A mother rat can produce up to 4-6 calves and has a high survival rate. It can also be used as a provenance.
4.2 When feeding artificial feeding, according to the local plant resources and seasons, you can feed bamboo rattan cane, bamboo, bamboo roots, corn stems (corn), sweet potatoes, grass roots and so on. In order to accelerate the growth rate of bamboo rats, it is also possible to feed mixed feeds. According to the living habits of the bamboo rat, the method of feeding less food at night should be adopted during the daytime. At the same time take a mixture of green feed and mixed feed.
4.3 Feeding Management Measures
4.3.1 The temperature of the house should be kept relatively stable. Winter is 7-10C. Summer should be below 27C. Above 32C, cooling measures should be taken. The floor of the rat house is required to be dry and free of stagnant water, and the indoor relative humidity should be maintained at about 50-60%.
4.3.2 Feeds should be fed in batches, with less feed added and avoid feeding. Uneaten feed should be cleared in time. At the same time, care should be taken to keep the ratty house clean.
4.3.3 Breeding should be carried out according to the estrus period of the bamboo rat. Artificial breeding should be carried out by using one male and one maternal to support their own mating. Since the rat has a blood habit, it mates with the male rat 12-36 hours after giving birth. Habits can increase the fertility rate of mother rats.
5. Disease prevention and control of Chinese bamboo rat
Bamboo rat is resistant to disease and rarely gets sick. However, due to feed, management, health and other reasons, it can cause the following common diseases:
5.1 Constipation Symptoms The bamboo rat has reduced its diet, has a small amount of feces, and has small, often accompanied by a high fever. When severe, it refuses to eat, and it loses energy and is thin. Treatment can be given a small amount of vegetable oil.
5.2 Symptoms of diarrhoea are diarrhea. The head of the diarrhea is shown to be debilitating and slow to move. It can cause severe death of the bamboo rat. Treatment can be used for xantamines or oxytetracycline. Also pay attention to diet.
5.3 Swelling disease This disease is common in young rats. The symptoms are stomach swelling and malaise. Can be used for drugs or digestive drugs. At the same time, it promotes the movement of bamboo rats and allows them to recover on their own.
6. The economic significance of breeding Chinese bamboo rat
The bamboo rat is delicate and lean, delicious and tasty. It is a meat product with nutritional value, low fat, and low cholesterol. The nutrient composition of Chukushi meat was measured. It contained 57.78% of crude protein, 20.54% of crude fat powder, 17.36% of carbon, 0.84% ​​of crude fiber, and 3.84% of water. It was also rich in P, Ca, vitamin E and amino acids, including lysine. The content of leucine and methionine is higher than that of chickens, ducks, geese, pigs, cattle, sheep, fish, shrimp and crabs.
Bamboo rats can also be used to treat diseases. According to the "Compendium of Materia Medica," it has special curative effects such as "adjusting the menstruation, protecting the hair, strengthening blood, replenishing qi, and strengthening the yang". Modern medicine has also proved that the bamboo rat meat can promote the growth of human white blood cells and hair, enhance liver function and prevent vascular sclerosis and other effects. In particular, Chuanrou is rich in collagen. Collagen is a kind of organic compound composed of biological macromolecules. It is the most important protein component of human skin, tendons, tendons, teeth, and bones, and accounts for total human protein. 1/3 is the nutrient that the muscle must take. The intake of collagen from the bamboo rat meat can promote the body's metabolism and normal life, further reduce cell plasticity decline, enhance skin elasticity, prevent skin dryness, atrophy, wrinkles, etc., improve the physiological function of the body's various organs, anti-aging and anti-aging. Bamboo rat liver, gallbladder, meat, bones can be directly used as medicine, cure physical deficiency cold, lumbar cold pain, impotence and premature ejaculation, post-partum illness frail, neurasthenia, insomnia, joints, bones, pain and so on. At the same time, Chuanxiong serum wine has special effects on the treatment of bronchial asthma and diabetes.
In addition, bamboo rat meat is a tonic for health and beauty. The bamboo rat's fur is soft, glossy, oily, and low in velvet. It is the finest raw material for making silk clothes. Its leather jackets and long coats are extremely sought after in the international market. The bamboo rat must be a raw material for the production of high-grade brush. The source of supply is tight and demand exceeds supply.
The medicinal value of the bamboo rat is very high. The bone and blood of the bamboo rat are used to make medicinal wine and used to treat rheumatism, bronchitis, asthma and diabetes. Regular use can enhance the body's resistance and immunity. Its oil can prevent mosquito bites, treat burns and scalds, and beauty. In addition, cultured bamboo rats can provide medicinal substrates and raw materials for the development of new drugs.
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