Scientific name: Toona sinensis (A.Juss.) Roem.
Common name: China Toona
Family: Meliaceae
Toona sinensis is a deciduous tree that can grow up to 15 meters tall. It has dark brown, exfoliating bark and young branches covered with fine hairs. The leaves are double-pinnate, measuring 25–50 cm in length, and emit a distinctive fragrance. Each leaf consists of 10–22 opposite, oblong or oblong-lanceolate leaflets, which are 8–15 cm long. The leaflets are usually smooth on the upper surface but may have fine hairs on the underside.
The tree produces terminal panicles of fragrant white flowers. The calyx is short, and the petals are ovate-oblong in shape. There are five staminodes that alternate with the developing stamens. The fruit is an oval capsule, 1.5–2.5 cm long, containing oval seeds with long, membranous wings at one end. Flowering occurs from May to June, and fruits mature between August and September.
This species is widely cultivated throughout various regions, often planted near villages. It is naturally found across northern China and extends into the southwestern provinces.
Toona sinensis has multiple uses. Its young buds are edible and commonly consumed as a vegetable. The wood is valued for its fine texture and is used in shipbuilding and construction. Wood chips and roots are also processed to extract aromatic oils, which are used in perfumery and even in the production of cigars abroad. The oil content in the wood is approximately 38.5%.
In traditional medicine, the root bark and fruits are used for their astringent and hemostatic properties, helping to relieve pain and stop bleeding. The bark contains compounds such as chuanxiongsu, tujupinol, and tannins, while the leaves are rich in carotene hydrocarbons, vitamin B, and vitamin C. This versatile tree not only contributes to ecological and economic systems but also plays an important role in traditional herbal practices.
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