First, the standard cotton seedlings from the emergence of budding cotton sprouting period for the seedling period, the province's cotton generally from the end of April to early May emergence, to mid-June, about 40 to 45 days. The seedling stage of cotton is a period of rooting, long leaves, and long stems. It is mainly pure vegetative growth, and lays the foundation for entering bud stage, that is, vegetative growth and reproductive growth. The normal length of cotton seedling period is correspondingly, Miaoquan, Miao Zhuang, the plant is long and solid, the early period is greater than the high, the latter is similar to the width and height, the stem is thick and dense, red and green in half; leaves flat, moderate size, green leaves. The roots are well developed, the main roots are deep and the lateral roots are widely distributed. The average daily growth of the main stem is 0.3-0.5 cm, and the height of the main stem reaches 20 cm. Strong seedlings in high-yielding cotton fields are known as “2-leaf flat, 4-leaf horizontal, 6-leaf pavilion, and 7-leaf budâ€, that is, when two true leaves are present, the cotyledons and the true leaves grow flat, if the cotyledons and the true leaves form two The floor is weak seedlings. Four-leaf cross refers to when the cotton seedling grows to six true leaves, the top two leaflets do not protrude, and the following four large leaves extend and droop, the width of the whole plant is greater than the height. 6 Yeting refers to when the cotton seedling grows up to 8 true leaves, the upper two leaflets do not wrinkle, the following 6 large leaves spread flat, the cotton plant height and width are equal, and the side looks like a small pavilion. When 7 to 8 true leaves start, buds begin.
Second, the main factors affecting the whole seedlings and seedlings There are many factors affecting cotton seedlings. The main ones are: First, the effects of unfavorable natural factors such as low temperature, drought, diseases, insects, and salinity, resulting in lack of seedlings, weak seedlings, and delayed growth. Low temperature is the main factor affecting the normal growth of cotton seedlings. The second is light, although light is not the main factor affecting the normal growth of cotton seedlings in the north, but in case of continuous rainy weather at the seedling stage, or if the seedlings and seedlings are not timely, or the commensal period of the set crops is too long, shading, etc., can also lead to cotton. Miao contends for the light to form a tall seedling and postpone it. The third is the effects of nutrients and moisture. The growth at seedling stage is slower. The nutrients needed are correspondingly less than those in other stages, but the response to nutrients is more sensitive. Nitrogen deficiency at seedling stage inhibits vegetative growth and delays bud emergence; Root development; lack of potassium is reduced photosynthesis, susceptible to disease, especially this year by the impact of cotton prices, some cotton farmers to prepare for seeding, cotton fields, less fertilizer. The water requirement for cotton at the seedling stage is relatively small, which only accounts for 10% to 15% of the total water requirement. If the bottom pods are sufficient at the time of sowing, there will be no shortage of water at the seedling stage, and appropriate drought will favor the roots to undershoot, but the occurrence of heavy rain is prone to leggy; When looting and sowing cotton fields, if it encounters continued drought, it will affect the normal growth of cotton seedlings. In addition, diseases and insect pests are also one of the important factors affecting the early onset of strong seedlings. At this time, the diseases caused by dead seedlings mainly include blight, anthrax, and early-onset wilt disease. The pests that harm seedlings mainly include ground tigers and blind stink bugs. Cotton pupa, red spider, hummer, etc.
Third, the main measures of seedling cultivation management The center of cotton seedling management is based on the whole seedlings, Qi Miao, the uniform growth of cotton seedlings, and promote the normal development of roots and aboveground parts, to achieve strong seedlings, early hair, timely Lei Lei, Lei Lei lay the foundation. The main management contents of seedling stage include:
1. Early check seedlings fill seedlings, put seedlings, make up. After the seedlings are sown, check the seedlings in time and find that the seedlings are cut off and replanted in a timely manner. The mulching cotton is promptly put on the seedlings to seal the soil to prevent scalding and seedlings from occurring. In particular, after the “May 1st†emerged, it was too late. Putting seedlings, take precautions after blinking. After transplanting in the cotton field, the weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, and dead seedlings must be planted in a timely manner so that the seedlings reach the seedlings in full, uniform, homogeneous, and strong. This is the basis for the harvest.
2. Early seedlings and timely seedlings. The northern part of the live cotton field, after the cotton seedlings are released, the seedlings should be promptly carried out. The seedlings can prevent the cotton seedlings from being overcrowded and appear to compete for fertilizer, compete for water, and win light. It is beneficial to the development of individuals and avoid the formation of tall seedlings. Timely seedlings, Dingmiao appropriate period is generally 2 to 3 true leaves, saline-alkali land, severe disease can be appropriate late. The density of seedlings left in the north is determined based on soil strength and species characteristics. Generally, 2000-2500 plants per acre in high-yielding fields, 2500-3000 plants in acreage in middle-aged fields, and 3000-3500 plants in dry lands are suitable. In the recent years, the South has a gradually thinning trend, which has a certain impact on the yield. The test results in various areas, the reasonable density should be high-yielding cotton fields and hybrids, about 1300 per mu, generally 1300-1500 strains of cotton fields and conventional species, The poor 1500-1800 strains of fertilizer are suitable. Local climates, cultivation, and habits are quite different. Density should be adapted to local conditions.
3. Rilled soil. The cultivator in the cotton field has loose soil, breaks the compaction, circulates air, raises the ground temperature, regulates soil moisture, eliminates weeds, enhances microbial activity, accelerates nutrient decomposition, and facilitates the development of cotton roots to achieve early growth of strong seedlings. The frequency of cultivating should be adapted to local conditions, so that after the rain, it must be cultivated, the floor knots and the grass must be ploughed to keep the soil loose. The depth of the cultivator should be shallow and deep first, with a depth of 2 to 3 cm for the first time and 6 to 9 cm before budding.
4. Application of Miao Fei. The basic fertilizer is sufficient, the fertile soil in the cotton field is generally not applied top dressing seedlings, but the soil infertile soil fertilization should be light to chase a Miao Fei, Miao Miao usually 2.5 kg of urea, and with the right amount of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer is best.
5. In case of drought, timely watering and flooding. There is not much need for water in the seedling stage of cotton. The north generally sows the bottom of the water before sowing. The cotton fields with sufficient moisture are not watered during the seedling stage so as to avoid lowering the ground temperature and causing disease. Poor soil moisture, saline or wheat fields, seedlings can be watered, especially before and after wheat harvest watering is an effective measure to maintain early-onset. Watering water should be small at the seedling stage and should be furrowed.
6. Early prevention of pests and diseases. Blight, anthracnose, and damping-off occur frequently within half a month after emergence. The peak of early-onset wilt disease occurs in late May, which is the main cause of dead seedlings. The land that has suffered more severe disease should be prevented as soon as possible. The cultivating loose soil and ramming soil were used for drying roots, and the compaction was promptly removed in case of rain, combined with the removal of diseased plants from the fixed seedlings, spraying of foliar fertilizers, regulators, and other agricultural measures, supplemented by corresponding chemical control. The pests that cause cottonseedlings are mainly ground tigers. The concentrated damage period of the ground tigers is in the middle or late May. It is necessary to promptly check and prevent them in time. In the low-age stage, pesticides such as levosine, acephate, and phoxim can be used for spraying. Older tigers can use poisonous baits made of the above pesticides to spread in the rows for prevention and treatment. The seedling stage blind stink bug mainly occurs in the middle and late of May. When coincides with pests such as cotton aphid, red spider, and thrips, compound pesticides such as malathion, acetamiprid and avermectin can be used for comprehensive prevention and control. .
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