Due to the intertwining of a series of agricultural activities such as autumn harvesting and autumn planting, a considerable number of fruit farmers have relaxed their comprehensive management of the orchard, and many problems have arisen, which not only affected the high-quality and high-quality apples and economic benefits of the year, but also left for the orchard production in the coming year. Many hidden dangers.
One, heavy winter cut light autumn tube
Many fruit farmers only pay attention to plastic pruning in winter, and do not pay attention to pruning in the growing season, especially in autumn. Let the long branches, upright branches, and developing branches on the tree grow freely, and the result is that "the branches are full of trees, there is no light under the trees, the nutrients are wasteful, and the fruit is poor and there are no flowers." In this regard, we must change our concept and strengthen autumn management. The first is to thin out and cut off all the elongated branches, the upright branches on the back, the outer dense branches and various diseased branches that need to be thinned in winter. To be ventilated and light, the branches and fruits are sunny; the second is to pull the branches to pick up the branches, and slowly promote the flowers; the third is to lightly pinch the branches that are more than one meter longer than one meter in late September to control the prosperous growth, save nutrients and enrich the branches Bud, safe overwintering.
2. Prevention of diseases and insects cannot start and end well
During the annual apple pest control process, many fruit growers “squeeze in front, loose in the middle, and forget about itâ€. In the middle and late stages, they stop spraying the pesticides randomly, which often results in the outbreak of painful pests in the later stage, which cannot be prevented and suffered heavy losses. The author believes that the prevention and control work should be carried out throughout, and there should be no mistakes. Whether the prevention and control work this fall is done well or not will play a decisive role in the high-quality and high-yield apples this year and the increase or decrease in the source of disease and insect population next year.
3. Early application of base fertilizer cannot be implemented
From late September to October is the third peak period for apple tree root growth and the best period for applying basal fertilizer in autumn. The beneficiaries deeply feel that "fertilization in all seasons is most important in autumn." Applying basal fertilizer at this time, the broken roots are easy to heal, and the absorption capacity is strong, and the time is long, which is very important for improving the nutrient level of fruit trees. However, many fruit growers do not rush to grab moisture, and push the best fertilization period again and again until the early spring of the next year. According to the actual production, the author suggests that for early and mid-ripening apple orchards, base fertilizer should be applied as soon as possible after picking the fruits; for late-ripening apple orchards with wider rows after reshaping, the fertilization time should also be scheduled from late September to October In the middle of the month; narrow and densely planted gardens can be postponed until after fruit picking, and deep plowing and fertilization should be carried out as soon as possible. At the same time, the 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.5-1% urea solution should be sprayed 2-3 times after the fruit is picked and before the leaves fall.
Four, do not hang fruit
Branches with too much fruit often sag due to the rapid growth of the fruit, pressing to the ground or overlapping with the branches below, artificially causing local light deterioration, resulting in poor fruit coloration and branch rubbing, and infecting diseases and insect pests. Therefore, check frequently from July, depending on the degree of drooping of the fruit branches, use wooden sticks or rope hanging methods to distribute the branches evenly and reasonably, and reduce the phenomenon of wind swing and branch cracking. As far as possible, "the branches and branches are free, the leaves and leaves are bright, and the fruits are colored". It should be emphasized that apple branches cannot be used as support to avoid the spread of germs.
Five, fall branches are not timely and not in place
The fruit trees can open their branches all year round, but they will be ****** in autumn. Because the branches do not appear on the back in autumn, it is easy to shape. But there are very few orchards that pull branches in autumn. Individually pulled gardens are not in place. They just pull down but not up, pull the inside but not the outside, and pull the small but not the big one. Improvement measures: starting from the beginning of September, the branches of the current year with a length of more than 1 meter and part of the main branches that do not open at the base angle will be pulled. The size of the opening angle of the branch should be different according to the species, rootstock, tree shape, branch type, etc. When operating, pay attention to: do not face the sky, do not enter the ground, do not bend the bow, and straighten the line back and forth.
6. Irregular bag removal
When removing the bag, I saw that some fruit farmers were afraid of trouble and tried to save trouble, so they removed the bag at once. In bad weather, a good bagged fruit will either turn green and not be colored, or it will form sunburn and become "defective". The correct method is: choose cloudy days from 8 am to about 5 pm, and the clearing time is 8-11:30 am, and 3-7 pm is appropriate. During operation, first tear open the outer paper bag and remove the inner bag after 3 sunny days. And pay attention to weather changes, and avoid unpacking in hot sun and rain, so as not to affect the quality of the fruit.
Seven, picking leaves and turning fruits is rare
Picking leaves and turning fruits is a practical technology to increase the commodity rate of apples and high-quality fruits, but this technology has not attracted much attention in most fruit farmers in the fruit area. It is always troublesome to make. Therefore, many good apples are not fully colored due to the shading of one petiole, one twig or less than half of the leaf. Specific measures: 15-20 days before the fruit is ripe (bagging fruit after removing the bag), remove the upper shading leaves and sticky leaves of the fruit, and pay attention to keeping the petiole; when the sun surface of the fruit reaches the color that this variety should have, use Hold the fruit gently with the palm of your hand and turn the sun side to the sun side to make it fully colored. It should be noted that: 1. Picking leaves and turning fruits should be operated in cloudy or cloudy weather; avoid doing it at noon in the hot sun. 2. The degree of leaf removal should be controlled moderately, otherwise it will affect photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient accumulation.
8. Leave it alone after picking the fruit
For the orchard after the fruit is picked, pruning and spraying are carried out. Some fruit growers think this is unnecessary. Neither spray medicine to protect leaves nor check trees to cure diseases. It should be said that this is wrong. Four things must be done well: 1. Spraying pesticides and fertilizers, eliminating pests and diseases, and supplementing nutrients; 2. Killing weeds, clearing the garden, reducing the base of pests; 3. Thinning the branches, adjusting the light, and strengthening the branches; 4. , Check decay, apply medicament, and heal the tree.
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