Potatoes have the characteristics of potassium, and the demand for potassium is relatively large, and more attention should be paid to the application of potassium fertilizer during cultivation. For every 1000 kilograms of potato tubers produced, 5 kilograms of pure nitrogen, 2 kilograms of phosphorus pentachloride, and 10.6 kilograms of potassium chloride need to be absorbed from the soil. The absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 1:0.4:2.1.
After adding potassium fertilizer during the growth of potatoes, it can increase the swell pressure of crop cells, make the cells more flexible, and can control the opening or closing of the leaf cells, which helps the crops absorb more carbon dioxide to make carbohydrates, form starch and sugar Two; it can promote root development, absorb more water, ease water evaporation, and improve the drought resistance of crops; three can promote the development of stalk cellulose, improve the stalk's support ability, and enhance the crop's ability to resist falling and resist diseases and insects It is conducive to the transportation of organic nutrients (starch) in crops to storage organs (underground rhizomes, fruits), accelerates the expansion of roots and pods, thereby increasing yield and quality.
The application of potassium fertilizer in potato production generally adopts two methods: base fertilizer and top dressing. The distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers uses 50% of nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer, all of the phosphate fertilizer and most of the potassium fertilizer. For the fertilizer type of the base fertilizer, a general-purpose compound fertilizer with a concentration can be selected, or a combination of elemental fertilizers can be used. 50% nitrogen and a small amount of potassium used for top dressing can be selected from urea, ammonium nitrate and potassium sulfate.
When applying, the period when the potato needs the most potassium should be seized. One is in the seedling stage. Each mu can apply 3 to 5 kg of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate or grass ash (containing 7.5% of available potassium) and 25 to 30 kg as a base fertilizer. Spread evenly during land preparation and mix soil and fertilizer. Potassium fertilizer can also be used as top dressing for seedlings, with 2 to 3 kg of potash fertilizer or hole application per acre, with a depth of between 10 and 15 cm. After fertilization, water and cover the soil. The second is during the tuber formation period. The same amount of potassium fertilizer as above can be used per acre. After the potato block is enlarged or the fruit pod is under needle, topdressing crack fertilizer and tuber fertilizer can be applied, which can effectively accelerate the pouring of organic nutrients from stems and leaves into the potato block. In the late stage of potato growth, use 1% potassium sulfate or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 5% grass and gray water (take clarified or filtered solution after soaking for 24 hours), spray 1-2 times outside the root (interval time 7-10 days), can reduce leaf temperature, help drought resistance, eliminate pests (combined with the prevention of pests and diseases), the effect is very significant.
It should be noted that the top dressing time should not be too early, generally seize the tuber expansion stage before proceeding. Premature topdressing, especially after a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer, will cause the aboveground part to grow vigorously, and the bottom of the ground will be small potato lumps. Potassium chloride and potassium sulfate are both physiological and acidic fertilizers. Long-term application should prevent soil acidification. It can be applied together with an appropriate amount of lime. Potassium chloride should not be applied on saline soil.
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