The multiple cropping index of greenhouse vegetables is high, the yield is high, and the amount of fertilizer required is large. The base fertilizer has a great influence on the yield, quality and soil properties of vegetables. It is the most basic link in fertilization and is crucial to the growth and development of vegetable crops. Therefore, base fertilizer must be applied reasonably, and the following issues should be paid attention to when applying base fertilizer:
1. Determine the fertilization amount according to the target yield
To determine the amount of fertilizer used in the greenhouse, the level of soil fertility and the amount of fertilizer required for vegetables must be considered. Generally, 30% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, 80% of phosphate fertilizer, and 50% of potash fertilizer are used as base fertilizer. Bio-fertilizers and micro-fertilizers are applied as base fertilizer at once. For example, the output of autumn tomatoes is roughly 8000-9000 kg. Within this output range, every 1000 kg of tomatoes needs to absorb 4.4 kg of nitrogen, 1.1 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 4.8 kg of potassium oxide, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 1:0.25 ：1.1, more calcium and boron are needed. Among them, the base fertilizer should be high-phosphorus fertilizer, and the topdressing should be low-phosphorus fertilizer. The appropriate amount of base fertilizer is 40-50 kg, the approximate ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 1:1:0.75; the top application rate is 75-85 kg, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 1:0.2:0.85.
2. Ensure sufficient amount of organic fertilizer
Organic fertilizer (including farmyard manure, barn manure and cake fertilizer) is the most suitable base fertilizer application, and more bio-organic fertilizers should be used as base fertilizer for old greenhouses with higher soil fertility. To keep the soil fertility and organic matter in the shed from decreasing or slightly increasing, organic fertilizer must be added to the shed soil. According to the change law of the organic matter of the greenhouse soil and the principle that the yield is the highest when the ratio of organic nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen is 1:0.4-1, the organic matter of the greenhouse soil must be maintained at 2% or more to ensure a higher yield. Organic fertilizer with an organic content of 30% is not less than 2000 kg/mu.
3. Determine the application method of base fertilizer according to weather and growth characteristics
When base fertilizer is applied, large-volume crude organic fertilizers such as decomposing soil manure and manure should be used as the main source. The amount per mu is 6-8 cubic meters to increase soil organic matter and carbon matter, and a small amount of high-quality biological organic fertilizer (general The dosage is 100-150 kg) and slow-release potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 75-100 kg. Use controlled-release fertilizer to control the release rate of nitrogen fertilizer in base fertilizer, avoid high temperature and prevent root diseases. After the fruit is set, all-element fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be applied with water in stages.
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