The existence of mold contamination problem makes it impossible for the black fungus bag cultivation to achieve breakthrough progress for a long time, and the output is unstable. Must be selected for bag cultivation, strong hybrid varieties, improve, improve seed production and cultivation techniques, the implementation of a comprehensive anti-mildew management measures, in order to achieve suppression and reduce bacterial contamination, high quality and high yield. In conjunction with recent production practices, the following major measures are introduced. 1 Selection of good quality varieties is the primary condition for obtaining high yields. The 916,8803 females selected from self-separation or outsourcing have strong anti-miscellaneous abilities. The mycelium is well-developed, white and strong, and the colonization and cover are fast. The cultivation conditions are suitable. The cultivar produced by the 17330.55cm bacterial bag grows for 30 to 45 days. Planting can be used to select appropriate bags, suitable bacteria age, no bacteria infection, no yellow water, fullness of mycelium column, adherent bacteria. 2 ear sites and cultivation methods to choose ear ear sites should be selected near the water source, easy to manage, away from the source of pollution, leeward, sunny area (abandoned land, better hair turf). Choose bed type planting. General south and north to do table bed, width 1.2m, table height 10 ~ 15cm, turtle shaped bed, top layer of 3 ~ 5cm thick sand or broken slag, bed width 0.6m. On the bed frame 45 ~ 50cm from the bed height of the scaffolding, placed branches, weeds shade, it is best to use shade ratio of 80% to 85% of the shade net. Under the shed, a 2m-wide film was erected with a frame, leaving a small amount of film to breathe and not compacting. Place 1～2 width 5cm soft automatic spray tubes along the bed surface, with the micropore surface of the germination stage face down, moisten the bed surface, wait until the ear buds are flush, seal the cut mouth, return to the micropore mouth and face up, fog Water spray management. No automatic water spray tube, germination can be deposited in the side ditch irrigation film, with a wide film cover ditch moisturizing; Lateral spray after budding. 3 The selection of the time for ear-spotted ears is based on the requirements of the growth and development of black fungus on environmental conditions and the local climate change law. It has been confirmed through repeated cultivation practices that the cycle of nutrient bioconversion of bag materials is completed in season and high yield is achieved. Daxing’anling is only suitable for returning. Seasonal cultivation; the southern region is suitable for the middle and late May to carry out trampoline bagging. Wickets should be laid out to avoid rainy days and windy days, and should be selected after the rain or early and late cool. 4 Before sticking to the prevention and treatment of diseases and pests, the bed surface of the ear field should be sterilized and sterilized, and 0.2% carbendazim or 1% lime solution should be sprayed; Potassium manganate solution or 1% lime solution is immersed in water for 3 to 5 minutes. The bag membrane is sterilized on the outer surface of the bag and garnishes. The cord is tied (or the cap is not sealed), and the extra bag membrane is stuffed. Inoculate the hole and plug it to make the membrane body solid. Invert the tube so that the mouth is down to disinfect the blade. On the side of the cylinder, they are arranged in "goods" shape, and the side length is 1.5-2.0cm, and the depth of the pellicle membrane is 2-3mm. The number of "V"-shaped ports is 9-12. Put the excised fungus tube on the 1010cm spacing and shallow holes upside down on the bed surface, and timely dispose the sterilized plastic film on the arch. Clean the shade and around the bed to remove sources of contamination. During the cultivation process, if the mycelium is partially contaminated, the contaminating bacteria can be removed and coated with 2% lime water; serious polluters should be cleared early. 5 Comprehensive management, development and maintenance to maintain appropriate temperature, humidity, light, ventilation, and promote healthy growth of mycelium and ear, which is the most practical and effective way to prevent bacterial contamination during the ear. 5.1 Humidity regulation Germination and ear humidity air relative humidity is always the central element of management. Cut the mouth to the original base seal before the infection period, should not direct water or rain to the bag mouth, rely on the mask after the wet bed or side channel liquid surface evaporation, so that the air humidity of 75% to 80%, through the micro The nozzles apply water to the bed twice a day; the earlings increase to 80% to 85%, and the spray water is sprayed 2 to 3 times in a day; the ear period reaches 85% to 92%, and the spray is performed 3 times a day. And extend each spraying time. The required humidities for the above three phases are appropriate, and at each stage and every day, depending on the development status and weather changes, dynamic management measures such as increasing or decreasing shades, ventilation of the side membranes, etc. shall be used to achieve dry, wet, wet and dry conditions. Alternate and imitate the wild good development. 5.2 The temperature management adopts low-shelf shading, combined with cover film insulation and humidification techniques, combined with the needs of growth and development at different stages of development, and timely water spray, timely control of shading and ventilation, can be better Created to meet the temperature development needs of fungus. The primordium formation and budding period is maintained at 15-20°C; the ear development period is maintained at 18-24°C. 5.3 Light Appropriate Ear Development requires a large amount of scattered light and a certain amount of direct light. The shading rate of the shelter covering is 80% to 85%. It is appropriate to increase the illumination in the low-temperature period and increase the shade in the high-temperature period. After harvesting the ear or even after the rain and high humidity, the bag should be covered and dried. 5.4 Timely ventilation Breathable cover film can keep warm and moisturize. Fungus is an aerobic edible fungus. Its hyphae are weak and its fruit body is colloid. Compared with other edible fungi, it is less resistant to high temperature, high humidity, and large amount of carbon dioxide accumulation. Inadvertent management can easily cause mycelium damage and bacterial infection. The ears should be effectively monitored to ensure timely ventilation. The above measures need to be comprehensively considered and implemented in a coordinated manner. It is necessary to have basic quantitative management requirements and to dynamically adjust and control the environmental conditions in specific seasons to create an excellent growth environment and promote the development of edible fungus. 6 Picking and later management When the ears are unfolded, the edges are wavy, the colors become lighter, the roots of the ears are contracted, or a small amount of white spore powder is seen on the ventral surface, they must be harvested in time. It generally takes 15 to 20 days from ear buds to ear maturation. After the harvest, the water spray was stopped, the cover was removed, and the sun was allowed to dry for 3 to 5 days to allow the mycelium to recover. After that, the ear was released for management. Large head, ear thickness, color depth, single bag dry ear production 35 ~ 50g, accounting for about 50% of total output. Since then, mycelium resistance and nutrient accumulation capacity have weakened, and they have entered the summer. Ventilation and ventilation are required to be strengthened and strictly monitored so that the temperature below the arch canopy is below 28°C. Generally, 3 to 4 tons of black fungus can be collected from each batch of bags, and the whole process of nutrient biotransformation from earliest cultures can be completed by mid-to-late September.
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