Pumpkin is rich in nutrients and rich in various nutrients. It is a popular dish of home cooking. Cucumber can also be used as food processing, pharmaceutical processing raw materials, and in many ways.
Pumpkin cultivation in the greenhouse can not only mature early, but also improve quality, and the economic benefits will be higher. Now the pollution-free cultivation techniques of greenhouse pumpkins are introduced as follows, for farmers' reference.
Variety selection: Choose pumpkin varieties that are bright in color, good in flavor and suitable for local cultivation.
Soaking seeds: firstly sterilize the selected seeds in water at 50 ° C for 15 minutes, pour the water with an alcohol thermometer, keep the water temperature at 50 ° C for 15 minutes; then lower the water temperature to 30 ° C, soak seeds 1 ~ 2 Hours, and rub off the mucus on the surface of the seed, wash it out and put it in the germination vessel, and cover the moisture-absorbing cloth.
Germination: The germination vessel containing the soaked seeds is placed under the constant temperature of 25 ° C ~ 30 ° C for germination, maintaining the humidity of the absorbent cloth, turning 3 to 4 times a day, and budding after 48 hours.
Preparation before sowing: nutrient soil preparation for cultivating strong seedlings, nutrient soil should have the following conditions: fertile and loose, water and fertilizer, no pests and diseases and weed seeds. Nutritional soil ratio: 40% of field soil, 40% of decomposed farmyard manure, and 20% of peat soil. Mix the three and sieve them.
Disinfection of nutrient soil: Mix and mix 200 ml of formalin and 25 kg of water per 1000 kg of seedbed soil and mix them up. Then cover the plastic film with soil for 2 to 3 days to kill the bacteria. Then peel off the plastic film and then pile up for 10 to 15 days to make the taste of the medicine volatilize and then put it into the nutrient bowl.
Seeding and seedling management
Sowing seedlings: Put the buds of pumpkin seeds into the nutrient bowl pre-packed with nutrient soil, one capsule per pot, then cover 1.5 cm thick disinfectant nutrient soil, and then cover it with a plastic film to maintain a certain temperature and humidity.
Seedling management: The management of seedlings before sowing, the focus is on heat preservation and moisturizing to speed up emergence. When the soil in the nutrient mash is found to be dry, it is necessary to pour the warm water around 25 °C in time, not too much, to prevent rotten seeds, when 80 When more than 100% of the seedlings are unearthed, they should be prevented from growing up. Management of seedling stage and seedling stage: After the seedlings are out, ensure sufficient light, and the temperature should be controlled at 20 °C ~ 25 °C, and the night temperature should be 15 °C ~ 18 °C. The ground temperature is between 20 ° C and 23 ° C. In order to increase the root group and cultivate strong seedlings, the seedlings should be poured in time and the bottom water should be poured.
Seedling pest control
Measures for prevention and treatment of rickets and blight: rational rotation, reasonable close planting, and timely removal of diseased plants. Combined with the application of biological fungicides for control. Insect pests are generally cockroaches, cockroaches, mites, etc., and can be controlled by bio-insecticides and sutrin.
Colonization: The standard of colonization is that the soil temperature of 10 cm deep in the shed is stable at 8 °C for 5 consecutive days during the planting period; the second is the seedlings that have reached 5 true leaves (about 35 days) and have been exercised; It is planted in the mulch film and can be planted 4 to 5 days in advance.
The planting method and the planting density can be divided into two types: one is to bury the mulch without colonding, and the method of planting one ridge and one ridge can be adopted, that is, the row spacing is 140 cm and the plant spacing is 48 cm; the second is the mulching film planting, which can be used for colonization. The way of ridge and ridge is 210 cm in row spacing and 32 cm in plant spacing. This method is to make full use of the characteristics of pumpkin climbing and vines to adjust the structure of the group, which not only saves the film but also saves labor. Note that the seedlings per acre should be around 1,000 plants.
Field management: During the vegetative growth period of pumpkin, attention should be paid to maintaining temperature and humidity, timely ventilation and cultivating and weeding. Regular fertilization should be carried out during the period of reproductive growth: for the first time, urea should be applied when the ridge is combined with the ridge before flowering. The second time, when the fruit diameter is about 12 cm, the compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer containing more phosphorus and potassium are applied. Timely pruning and smashing: The whole branch is mainly made of single vine pruning, leaving only one main vine per plant, and all the side vines are removed. The vine is pressed at the leaf nodes of the two sections of the melon. Due to ventilation restrictions in the greenhouse, manual assisted pollination is required. The general pollination time is preferably 5 to 9 in the morning.
Pest Control
Prevention and control of powdery mildew: The disease can occur throughout the growth period, and can be controlled by 15% of the powdery rusting wettable powder 2500 times or 30% DT suspension 500 times. Bacterial keratosis prevention and treatment: 15 kg of streptomycin can be used to add water and 15 kg of foliar spray. The insects are aphids and ladybugs, and 15 kg of water can be sprayed on the surface of the water with the bio-insecticide, Sutling.
Harvesting pumpkin: After the flower is thanked, there is a layer of white waxy material on the surface of the pumpkin and there are many tiny knob-like protrusions. This is the sign that the pumpkin is fully mature and should be harvested in time.
Canned fruit is named after different materials. Generally, canned fruit is made from fruit, including yellow peach, apple, lychee, strawberry, hawthorn and so on. The main products are canned peach, canned strawberry, canned orange and so on.
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