1. Choose marketable varieties
The growth period of summer tomato is from May to October, and the harvest period is from July to October. This period is high temperature and rainy season, which is extremely unfavorable for tomato growth. Therefore, the selection of varieties is strict. We chose the Dutch hybrid generation Bailey. It is characterized by infinite growth type, strong growth potential, high antiviral disease, heat resistance, high dry matter content, storage and transportation, no cracking, good quality, and a broad consumer market (due to the high temperature and high humidity in the south in summer). The yield per acre is 6000-7000kg, and the greenhouse cultivation in spring and summer can reach more than 10000kg. In general, the production can be stable and stable.
2, cultivate high-quality strong seedlings
The sowing period of summer tomato is from mid-March to mid-April. In the middle and late April of the solar greenhouse, the winter and spring cucumbers are used to raise seedlings in medium and small arches, and celery, leeks and other oysters can be used to raise seedlings in greenhouses or greenhouses. The seedling age is about 30 days. The nursery site is selected to be flat, easy to discharge and easy to fill, and the well-ventilated plots are used as nursery sites.
(1) Preparation before seedlings The nutrient soil is prepared 3 weeks before seedling raising. 6 parts of mountain soil or large field soil, 4 parts of fermented fermented organic fertilizer are mixed and sieved. Each cubic meter of nutrient soil is added with 1kg of compound fertilizer of 15% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, 50% of carbendazim 50g, and Rydmir. 100g of mixed mixture, covered with plastic film, 20 days after high temperature stacking, into the nutrient bowl, in order to prevent the roots of the seedlings from the nursery hole into the ground, the layer of old film. 2000 seedlings per acre planting.
(2) Management after sowing and sowing Seeds are soaked in warm water at 55 °C for 15 minutes, then soaked in water for 4 to 6 hours, and drained without germination. The nutrient sputum is poured into the foot water, and the water is oozing and then sown, one squid and one granule. After sowing, the nutrient soil is covered with 0.8 to 1 cm, and the insect-proof net is covered on the arch frame to cover the film. After sowing, the daytime temperature is 25-28 °C, 16-20 °C at night, 22-22 °C during the day after the cotyledon is flattened, 14-16 °C during the night, the first true leaf is unfolded, 25-28 °C during the day, 15~ at night. At 17 ° C, 20 days later, when growing to 2 leaves and 1 heart, spray the auxin once, and spray it once with 72% Pulex 800 times and 10% imidacloprid 1500 times before planting. When the heart leaves turn from light green to dark green, water is poured in moderation. When planting, 4 to 5 true leaves of seedlings, seedling height 16 ~ 18cm, stem diameter 0.6 ~ 0.8cm, seedlings robust, not bitten by mites.
3. Preparation before planting
(1) Disinfection of the greenhouse and fertilization of the sputum to remove the diseased body in time, using 3 kg of sulfur powder per acre, adding 0.5 kg of 80% DDV emulsifiable concentrate, mixing with sawdust, igniting in piles, and sealing for more than 24 hours. After thoroughly removing the diseased debris and weeds, fertilize 8~10 cubic meters of fermented organic fertilizer per acre, 100kg of tomato special fertilizer, 20kg of cotton granules evenly spread the ground and then turn 35~40cm deep. 2 times, and spray water in an appropriate amount to make the soil water holding capacity of about 60% (the soil is moist but not sticky), then cover the new mulch and seal the shed. After 3 weeks, the film is released and the air is ventilated, which can effectively play the role of soil insecticide, sterilization and nematode killing.
(2) Install insect-proof nets and sunshade nets Add insect-proof nets at the upper and lower vents of the shed to block mites, whiteflies and cotton bollworms from entering the room. The upper air outlet is installed with a width of 1 m and a lower air outlet to install a 1.5 m wide, 40-mesh insect net. In order to ensure the safety of the tomato in summer, install a sunshade with a shading rate of 50% to 60%.
(3) The ground preparation should be done on the ground, with a large spacing of 90cm, a small row spacing of 60cm, and a groove depth of 15cm. Apply 50kg of biological fertilizer per acre. uniform.
4. Management after planting
(1) Before the planting and planting, the foot water is poured into the ditch, and the seedlings are planted into the ditch. The surface of the soil is 5cm higher than the ground, the plant spacing is 50cm, and the planting seedlings are 1800 plants. After water seepage, the soil is sealed.
(2) After the cultivating and cultivating the tomato, the management is to promote the main seedlings. 4 to 5 days after planting, the seedling water is poured in time and the soil is ploughed, the soil is protected, the weeds are eliminated, and the root system is promoted. In combination with cultivating, the soil is poured every 3 to 5 days. After each watering, the soil is slightly dried for cultivating and cultivating the soil. After 2 to 3 times of soiling, the ridge height is 25 cm.
(3) After the temperature management is settled, the temperature is high, and the upper and lower vents are opened on sunny days. When the room temperature reaches 30 °C, the sunshade is used for sunshade (the sunshade time is generally between 11:00 and 15:00), and 10 cm of straw is applied in the furrow. To lower the ground temperature. The vents are closed on rainy days to prevent rain from entering the room. The daytime temperature is maintained at 25 to 30 ° C, at night 16 to 20 ° C, and the humidity is controlled at 50% to 65%.
(4) Water and fertilizer management Watering is one of the key measures for the success of Baili tomato in summer. After the seedlings are slowed down to the fruit, water is poured for 3 to 5 days on a sunny day. When there is a rainy day, water is poured for 7 to 10 days, and flooding is prohibited. Watering should be done in the evening or in the morning. When the second ear fruit is seated and begins to expand, water is poured once every 5 to 7 days, and 30 to 35 kg/mu of compound fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 15:15:15 is applied in combination with watering. Live a spike of fruit and topdress 1 time, each time chasing potassium treasure 10kg. Each 7 to 10 days of foliar topdressing 1 time, can spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Bao Lifeng 2, etc., to meet the needs of fruit and fruit expansion.
(5) Hanging vines and plant adjustment When the seedling height is 30cm, use the sack line or tear film to induce the hanging vine. In the case of continuous high temperature weather, when spraying for a long time, spraying 1 or 2 times can effectively control the length of the child. Using a single dry pruning, when the sixth ear is seated, leave 2 to 3 leaves to pick the heart, and the side branches are all knocked out.
(6) Thinning and fruit preservation is to increase the fruit setting rate at high temperature, watering the day before spraying, and then spraying with 30-40 mg/kg tomato spirit aqueous solution to keep the stigma moist and increase the fruit setting rate. In order to increase the rate of the commodity, the first ear is left with 3 to 4 fruits, and the second ear is left with 4 to 5 fruits, and the excess, especially the first and the terminal florets and the locally dense florets are sparse. Avoid large and small fruit and deformed fruit.
5. Pest control
The main diseases of summer tomato in solar greenhouse are stem-based rot, viral disease, early blight, late blight, ulcer disease, leaf mold and umbilical rot. These diseases occur mainly in those areas that are neglected to manage. High temperature and high humidity, high temperature and drought, excessive water in the field, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, continuous rain, excessive planting, and calcium deficiency in the soil can easily lead to the occurrence of these diseases. Therefore, field management should be strengthened in cultivation, and ventilation should be adopted to moderate shading. Timely and appropriate amount of watering, inter-row grassing, rational close planting, balanced fertilization and other comprehensive supporting technologies, and according to the time of easy occurrence of different diseases, early drug fight prevention, can effectively control the occurrence and development of various diseases.
Insect pests mainly include aphids, whitefly and leaf miner. By using insect nets and shed fumigating, the pests can be effectively controlled. If the above pests still occur indoors, yellow boards can be used to trap or use 25%. Ketai 3000 times liquid or 1.8% avermectin 3000 times liquid spray, 7 to 10 days once, even spray 2 to 3 times.
6, harvesting
The fruit is harvested from orange to yellow. When harvesting, spread a 1cm thick sponge on the bottom of the harvesting basket or plastic box, and lay a layer of sponge on each layer of fruit to avoid squeezing and stacking. Use scissors to close the slap area, cut the fruit stalk, and retain the scorpion. Then wipe it with a soft towel and pack it according to customer requirements.
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