Mechanization and transplanting technology
At present, during the spring season, farmers planting machine transplants are doing all kinds of preparatory work before sowing. In order to guide the farmers to take good care of farmers, we are now providing them with information on the continuous enrichment and improvement of machine seedlings for several years. Its breeding reference.
First, the preparatory work
1. Select the best sowing time. Insert the floppy seedling. The best inserting age is 16-22 days, and the seedling height is more than 12 cm.
General principles: Ning Tian et al.
The selection of the sowing time must consider the following factors: the crop maturity time, the time required for harvesting (in case of rain, etc.), the tillage time, the time for soil sedimentation (1 to 3 days), and the water source for normal or special year. Arrival time and rice transplanter daily operation capacity (new operator press 8-10 acres / day calculation, the old operator press 15-20 acres / day).
2. Soaking with drugs Soaking with drugs such as Shi Bao Ke and Soaking Spirit can effectively prevent the occurrence of Bakanae disease. Attention should be paid to the three points when soaking drugs: First, soaking seed, dosage, and watering ratio must be strictly followed according to the instructions for use and the requirements of agricultural technicians; the second is to ensure seed soaking time (different varieties, soaking time is different); Third, the seed must be cleaned with water after soaking.
3. Selection of bed soil 1. Bed soil is selected from garden soil, cultivated dry land soil, and paddy field soil that is cultivated in autumn and winter and plowed in spring; soil should not be taken from wasteland and herbicide sprayed in the field; 80 kg of field-prepared fine soil was transplanted, of which 55 kg fine soil was used as fertilizer, and 25 kg of fine soil was left as cover soil without fertilizer.
2, bed soil fertilization bed soil acidity to slightly acidic or neutral is appropriate to disable the ash. After the sieving of the fine soil, add 0.25 ton of tincture to the field per acre to increase the strength of the tincture (not much more). Mix well and concentrate on the heap. When the heap is boring, the fine soil moisture content is moderate, and the empirical method is to squeeze into a group, landing is scattered, and covered with agricultural film to promote the full maturity of fertilizer and soil, stacking time 10-15 days.
3. Disinfection of bed soil Disinfection of bed soil should be carried out in high-incidence areas. The trampoline is disinfected with a 1000-fold solution of 600 grams of diclafen per mu (or other drugs that prevent blight). Disinfection of the bed soil was carried out with 3-3.5 kg of Dixon 1000-fold liquid (or other drugs for preventing blight) in bed soil fertilization.
4. The production of sampan plates 1. The sampan plates should be flat, light, solid and straight. The production of rafts in paddy fields should be made 2-3 days before the floppy disks are laid to ensure that the raft can withstand the weight of the disc.
2. The sampan plates should be filled and drained conveniently. The width of the sulcus between the sampan plates should not be less than 30cm; in the case of using the thin clay in the field, the width of the sulcus should be appropriately widened to ensure that the required soil is used for loading.
3, before the floppy disk placed on the sampan plate should make the sacral plate sufficient moisture. In the paddy field, we can soak the water the day before placing the floppy disk and then dry the water. The uneven surface is to be shovelled high and compacted.
4. The width of the fascia board is 1.4 meters and the length is determined according to the needs of the breeding school.
5. The number of paddy fields for transplanting rice to determine the number of different varieties of rice, the number of holes per acre and the number of seedlings inserted per hole are different, and the seeding amount and seeding density are not the same. For ordinary hybrid rice, 2-3 seeds per square centimeter seedlings can meet the requirements of mechanical transplanting. According to the calculation, the seed amount per mu is 1.5 kg, and 16-18 floppy disks per mu can be used to satisfy the machine insertion requirements.
Second, germination, sowing
1, germination seed germination to 80% to break the chest dew can be. Seeds that germinate before sowing should be dried to make the seed skin dry and easy to sow.
2. Precautions for packing and sowing.
1. When placing a floppy disk, the floppy disk should be closely attached to the board surface and between the disk and the disk. The width of the floppy disk should not exceed 28 cm and the length should not exceed 58 cm.
2, on the plate when the disc thickness is appropriate to 2 cm, not less than 1.8 cm, not more than 2.5 cm.
3, before sowing, disc soil should be poured enough water, the water should use river water, ditch water, pond water, as far as possible without well water.
4, when sowing, should ensure that the seeds spread evenly, the floppy disk around the seeds to be broadcast in place. After sowing, evenly cover with a layer of fine soil, just to see the seeds.
Cover soil without fertilizer. After the cover soil is no longer watering, so as not to unevenly flush the seeds, topsoil compaction, affecting emergence. Seeding with seeders ensures uniformity and saves nearly 1/3 of the seed.
3, cover film in the city, after the machine inserted seedlings required to cover film. Its role is to increase temperature, moisturize, promote Qimiao. When you cover the membrane, keep a certain height to avoid contact between the membrane and the disk and affect the seedling emergence. It is recommended to cover the arches to ensure safety.
Third, seedling management
1, to prevent high-temperature seedling shoots out of the soil after the top surface, in order to prevent the temperature is too high (film temperature reaches 30 °C), sunny noon can be used to remove the film two ventilation or straw cover on the film cooling.
2, the time to strain seedling filming time should not be too long, after the seedlings are green, incomplete leaves to the first leaf (3 to 5 days after sowing), the minimum temperature stable at 15 °C above the film can be uncovered. If the temperature is not stable and it is below 15°C, take the daybreak to manage it.
When the film is removed, it should be sprayed with water in time.
3, water management
Before the two-leaf clover, about 6-10 days after sowing, it is mainly wet, with water regulating the temperature, and protecting the seedlings with water. In early seedling stage, seedlings in the paddy field can fill the level of the surface and fill it until they reach the half ditch. In the dry land, they can keep the disc soil moist, not white, watery and breathable, and the watering time can be selected in the morning or in the afternoon. After the point.
After two leaves and one heart, we adopt semi-drought management to promote the growth of roots and make root knots firm. Dryland farming generally does not require watering. If the seedlings appear leafy at noon on sunny days, they can be sprayed in the evening or the next morning with a suitable amount of water spray. The amount can be used to moisten the soil. Clean water is not required. Well water; In the field of water-logging, put the water in dry fields (about 5 days before planting), let it dry naturally.
Do not water the day before planting.
4. Control of Bacterial Disease Prevention and Control: When transplanting 1 mu of Daejeon, Miao Tian uses dexamethasone 1500 times liquid 6 kg, which is sprayed with seedlings. After the onset of the disease should be sprayed in time to control the spread of the disease, the incidence center can increase the amount of medication. The incidence of light and timely control of the impact of machine insertion is not too great. .
Fourth, fertilization
1, make a good weaning fertilizer. Generally on a leaf and heart (7-8 days after sowing) poor bed fertility, seedlings slightly yellow, need to chase weaning fat. Dosage: About 60 grams of urea and 4 kilograms of water will be used for each mu of transplanted fields. Bed soil is fertile, and seedlings that grow well may not be applied.
2, see Miao Shi sent to marry. Usually in the 3-4 days before planting, the leaf color fades from the de-fertilizer seedlings. The urea is transplanted into the field with 50 grams of urea per acre, and 2 kilograms of water is mixed. Evenly sprayed in the evening, sprinkle water after the application. Anti-digestion and burning of seedlings. Normal leaf color, leaf type upright and not sagging seedlings, about 20 grams of urea, watered 2 kg spray. The dark green leaves and the drooping leaves of the leaves show that the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is excessive and can not be fertilized. Water control measures should be taken to improve the seedling quality.
3, in the application of the marriage of fertilizer (3 to 4 days before the insertion), fight against pests and diseases, so that with drugs transplanted.
(Dangyang Agricultural 110 Zhu Liqing Dangyang Agricultural Machinery Technology Promotion Minhua)
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