Ventilation and ventilation are the main parts of environmental control. Because pigs breathe constantly, they need to continuously absorb oxygen, remove carbon dioxide, and change the composition of the air. Without ventilation, the oxygen in the air will change. Gradually reduce, carbon dioxide will gradually increase, and harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia generated by excreta will also increase. When the proportion of these harmful gases reaches a certain level, it will cause harm to pigs; The temperature and humidity parts also often refer to ventilation, that is, ventilation can also play a role in improving air temperature and humidity.
However, ventilation is a double-edged sword. If it is handled well, it will benefit the pigs, but if it is not handled well, it will be harmful to the pigs. If the cold wind causes pig colds, it can cause rheumatoid arthritis in pigs. We discuss ventilating and ventilating, that is, we must let ventilation and ventilation change people's intentions so that the environment of the pig house can reach an ideal level and eliminate various adverse effects.
The benefits of ventilating and ventilating need not be mentioned again. We only talk about the details of ventilation and ventilation.
As the saying goes: "I'm not afraid of a hurricane, I'm afraid of thief wind frontline." When ventilation is not well-controlled, often forms a local thief.
The majority of farms now still use the doors and windows for ventilation. Here we talk about the details of the ventilation of doors and windows:
1, the principle of natural ventilation: natural ventilation through doors and windows, mainly through the hot pressure and air pressure in two forms, hot air pressure because of the different temperature inside and outside the home, the wind pressure ventilation is outside the wind into the home to form the ventilation .
2, the choice of ventilation methods: According to the above, the ventilation mainly through the hot pressure and air pressure in two forms; if the temperature difference between the inside and outside the larger, you can use hot-air ventilation, which is used in winter or other seasons night; if you If the temperature difference between inside and outside is not large, ventilation must be used. This is mainly used in summer. And if the two methods do not solve the problem, mechanical ventilation must be considered.
3, factors affecting ventilation:
(1) The size of the temperature difference: If the temperature difference is large, the ventilation volume is large; if the temperature difference is small, the ventilation volume is small; (2) The size of the wind force is: when the wind power is large, the ventilation volume is large; if the wind power is small, the ventilation volume is small.
(3) The size of the vents: if the vents are large, the ventilation is large; if the vents are small, the ventilation is small.
(4) Influence of obstructions: When the wind encounters resistance, it will change direction. The amount of ventilation will be affected. The more obstructions, the smaller the amount of ventilation.
4, ventilation details:
(1) The height of the air inlet: According to the principle of cold air moving downwards and hot air upwards, when the air is ventilated in the following summer, the air intake of the windows below is better, so that the cool feeling of the pig is more obvious; while the winter air inlet is higher, the cold air enters the pig After the homework, it needs to be mixed with the hot air in the pig house and then on the pig to avoid the influence of the cold air on the pig. Similarly, door ventilation can be used in summer, but in winter, the influence of door air intake should be considered; considering the pig house The opening and closing of the doors often requires a cold wind to enter each time the door is opened. If a wind deflector is installed at the bottom of the door, it will reduce the impact of opening the cold wind; here are two details about the details. First, people will use feed bags for the pigshed. Covered, but only cover the sides without covering the bottom, the cold wind will blow the pig's abdomen from the gap between the leaking panels under the bed; second, if you put a plank at the bottom of the door, people can move from the top of the board, will not affect the normal work, However, when the wind enters the pig house, it will turn to a height after being blocked by the planks, and will not blow the pig body. Of course, setting the door curtain at the entrance will also play a role in preventing cold wind from blowing.
(2) Air inlet and outside wind direction: In winter ventilation, the relationship between the air inlet direction and the natural wind direction must be taken into account, and the outside wind should be avoided as far as possible to directly enter the pig house; if it must be the same as the natural wind direction, it should also be installed at the air inlet. Buffering facilities reduce the natural wind speed and enter the piggery.
(3) The influence of the cover on the ventilation: We all have the experience that the wind in the floodplain is much larger than the wind in the forest, because the trees slowed down the wind speed. Slowing the wind speed is necessary in the winter, but it is not good for the pigs in the summer, and often there are some unexpected factors that play a role in sheltering winds; the following are several common forms: First, the trees outside the pig house, the trees can play The role of shading, but also played a role in blocking the wind, in the case of trees between the pigs, summer ventilation will be seriously affected; Second, the pighouse spacing is too short, insufficient spacing, ventilation is also a disadvantage; The use of brick walls between the pigs, so that the ventilation between the pigsty blocked; Fourth, the incubator in the bed, etc., also affect the ventilation of the delivery room; Fifth, the height of the bed, the screen when the ventilation is much larger than the bed At low times, the above factors should be taken into account when we produce.
In view of the above, adopting appropriate measures will reduce the impact; for example, when there are trees in the pig house, mechanical ventilation may be considered when the weather is hot and stuffy; the ventilation window area may be increased when the pig house spacing is small; and the height of ventilation may be increased when the height of the bed increases. To solve the influence of the incubator on the bed of production and put the incubator on the back of the pig, the impact will be significantly reduced, because the pig is most afraid of the heat of the pig's head. For the sow in the positioning column, when designing the pig house, the pig's head should be located close to the door for easy ventilation; if the sow's head is facing the wall and there is no effective window on the wall for ventilation, the summer season Sow damage is very large.
(4) Ventilation also needs to pay attention to winter thief wind is often caused by lax doors and windows closed, especially in the winter because of water vapor inside the house to the ice after the window, affecting the closure of the window, the door closed lax also affect the insulation within the home. Make sure ventilation is done according to human intentions.
(5) Ventilation of Greenhouses in Greenhouses: Humidity in greenhouses is a major problem in winter. This is due to the fact that the greenhouses are closed too tightly; for this problem, it may be considered to enhance ventilation without affecting the heat preservation by designing a roof on the roof. In the vents, the grass curtains are well-ventilated and well ventilated in the daytime. Even though they are covered with straw curtains at night, they can still be insulated, but the gas can still be exhausted, which can effectively play a role in ventilation.
(6) Ventilation of nursery schools in winter: Many people will arrange the time of cleaning excrement after work and feeding. This work can be done in summer and autumn where the temperature difference between the interior and exterior is small, but if it is used in the cold winter where the temperature difference between the interior and exterior is large, it is not It is suitable because many harmful gases will be emitted during excrement removal, and there will be large temperature difference between inside and outside. Window ventilation will often cause thieves to cause respiratory disease in pigs. If it is not ventilated, it will lead to too many harmful gases, plus a The harmful gases in the evening are hoarded in the house and the oxygen is severely deficient. It can also cause respiratory damage in pigs. For this reason, we believe that the time for cleaning manure in the winter nursery should be set to close to noon during the time when the temperature difference between inside and outside becomes smaller, and it is necessary to open the window and ventilate before starting the excrement. This is because the ventilation needs a small to large opening. The process of the window; if the weather is suitable, wash the water below the net bed in the afternoon, and then ventilate and dry it, to ensure that the pig can breathe fresh air one night, which is very beneficial to the prevention of respiratory diseases.
(7) Ventilation of hot blast stove: Ventilation of hot blast stove We have encountered two kinds of situations. One is that the hot blast stove heat sink is in the house, and the wind blown out in the duct is still circulating in the house air. This way can save effectively Heat source; the other is directly from the outside into the wind, outside the cold air through the heat sink into the house, this way increased energy waste, but the ventilation and ventilation effect is significantly better than the former; now the best facilities It is fresh air that still enters from the outside, but passes through a heat exchange device in the process of entering. The hot air to be discharged and the cold air to be exchanged outside exchange heat when passing through the heat exchange device, and the air temperature increases. This will not only ensure the entry of fresh air, but also reduce the loss of heat energy.
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