In sea fish rearing, as the initial bait, freshwater spiny barramundi is often used. This cladocs has high reproduction rate, large yield, rich nutrition, and can withstand large temperature changes and is relatively easy to cultivate. Among the marine cladoceras, currently, in terms of cultivation techniques, it is the bird's beak that has a hope of reaching a practical level.
(1) Cultivation of the beaked plover: The dormant eggs of the beaked plover are shallowly buried in the sediment of the seabed. The distribution of the surface layer from the surface to the depth of 2 cm accounts for 60-100%, but it does not seem to be less than 6 cm. Egg distribution. From the sediments on the coastal seafloor, dormant eggs can be harvested from the surface by using Ekman's clay picker, 5-6 cm. Judging from the general distribution trend of the dormant eggs of the Cladocera species in Neiwan, the most Common species are the most common species, and the eggs of other species are relatively few. The proportion of dormant eggs in the beak tipped owl is about 1.12-1.35. When the egg is recovered from the mud, tap water can be added. The soil is filtered with a mesh sieve of approximately 0.1 mm. After filtration, the dormant eggs are floated. To the water surface. It was picked up and placed in a large petri dish containing concentrated saline. Under the dissecting microscope, the dormant eggs of Cladocera were separated from the supernatant. The dormant eggs of the tipped beak of the bird's beak have a dorsal aspect of an oval shape with a long diameter of 0.20-0.28 mm, an average length of 0.25 mm, a short diameter of 0.14-0.20 mm and an average of 0.18 mm. About 0.10 mm thick. The prominent depression in the central part of the surface is its characteristic. The egg membrane is thick and rich in yolk. When light passes through, it appears dark, and under reflected light, it appears off-white.
The hatching rate of the dormant eggs of the tipped beak was the highest at a salinity of 25.5‰, a water temperature of 18°C, and a light intensity of 1,000 lux (light for 12 hours). The dormant eggs begin to hatch within 11-36 days, and hatching is also generally earlier under conditions of high hatching rate. It takes approximately 100 hours from the appearance of resting eggs (significant increase in cytoplasmic granules) to the hatching of hatchlings. The amount of daily intake per day is 8–26104 cells/day when fed with Sphaeropsis versicolor. individual. Therefore, when the culture, the appropriate density of bait: When 1 ml per ml, with 15-18104 cells / ml is more appropriate. In the course of culture, the water was changed once in 4-7 days, and the number of individuals rapidly increased after 4 weeks of culture, and reached 20 times after 28-37 days. It increased to 200 times after 44-63 days. When the breeding density reaches 2 individuals/ml, the yield between the beginning and the end of the crop is 50%, which can maintain the density of 2 individuals/ml in general, and the culture condition is more stable than the non-incidence. The amount of intercropping is roughly equivalent to one liter of seawater, and 1,000 individuals can be harvested each week (wet weight is about 60-70 mg and dry weight is about 2 mg). The beaked plover is more sensitive to water quality deterioration, so it is only cultivated with biological feed. However, in the cultivation, there are sediments such as microalgae debris and skin under the arm, and the water quality is still contaminated. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to change the water once a week.
(2) Culture of spiny naked belly puffer: When the conditions are appropriate, cladocera will continue to parthenogenetic and multiply in a short time. Taking advantage of this feature, it has been used for many years to cultivate food organisms for fish farming.
1 Cultivation facilities: In the past, organic fertilizers were used in open-pit soil pools, and phytoplankton and microorganisms were cultured. Numerous cultures of freshwater horned spiny barbaric puffers can be cultured in round-ear culture tanks after the initial bait organism, rotifer culture. Cement ponds can also be built or cultured in large tanks. The concrete pool area is 15-50 square meters, the pool depth is 0.6-1 meters, slightly deep in summer (above 22 degrees Celsius) and winter (0-7 degrees Celsius), with water temperature fluctuations; in spring and autumn, to make the water warm, it can be omitted. Shallow, 30-40 cm. Take a certain slope at the bottom of the pool to facilitate drainage. Before the water enters the water, the pool should be flushed, and the water is poured into the pool to be screened or filtered with 3-4 layers of gauze to prevent harmful organisms (filamentous algae, algae, insect larvae, etc.) and large grit. When mixed in, the mixed water is brought into the mud and the bottom of the pool is deposited, and the sludge plugs the water filter, causing a large number of deaths. Therefore, the pool should be filled with fresh water. The number of ponds should be determined according to the scale and needs of the fish. Indoor culture pools are generally equipped with heating and ventilation facilities.
2 Acquisition of the original species: The sediment from the aquarium can be used to obtain dormant eggs. Commonly cultivated clam-like pool bottom will remain dormant eggs. When the season comes, simply add water (warm if necessary) to breed. The cultivars needed for spring cultivation should be ready in the fall of the previous year.
(3) Culture method: When the spiny barbara culture season arrives, after the original species is obtained, the culture is started in a small container (30-500 liters). After breeding, move it to a large container again. The inoculum size is 0.2-0.3 individuals/ml. The individual counts are higher than that of the mangifer, and the wet weight of the spiny barbara can be weighed. The gram is calculated by converting 10,000 individuals per gram (mixture of pupa and cubs). For the leeches used for inoculation in the culture, individuals in the flume with a large number of parthenogenetic females (Waixia eggs) should be selected. In order to prevent other organisms from mixing during inoculation, it is best to rinse with fresh water and then put it in. In order to inhibit the proliferation of other harmful freshwater organisms (filamentous, vegetative, leaf-legged, and crustacean), they may be cultured in 0.1-0.2% saline, except for the occasional presence of rotifer Brachionus, which has no other harmful effects. , The cultivation water temperature is high (above 30°C), the reproduction is rapid, but the persistence is poor. Generally, under low water temperature conditions (about 20°C), the propagation speed is relatively slow. Under the optimum water temperature of about 25°C, the cultivation pond irrigation After the fifth day can be placed into the species. Or put in 2-3 days after fertilization, fertilizers use inorganic nitrogen fertilizer and yeast, nitrogen fertilizer is applied at 13 mg/l nitrogen, that is, 65 g ammonium sulfate or 37.5 g ammonium nitrate is applied per cubic meter of water, and yeast applies inorganic fertilizer. After being put into the pool, the yeast is soaked with warm water to make a 10-20% solution, and is withdrawn into the culture pool along the wall of the pool. The yeast was fed twice a day, and the amount of feeding was 30-50% of the wet weight of the naked belly in the culture tank. More than the initial amount of inoculation, the final period can be slightly reduced, inorganic fertilizer can promote the proliferation of unicellular algae in the pool, yeast can be used as raw bait, can also promote the proliferation of bacteria and algae, can also be applied organic manure, reproduction Microorganisms or chicken manure combined with yeast produced better results. When the culture is in good condition, almost all adult females have a large number of eggs and larvae (22-64) in the nursery ponds, and 50-60% of the cultures are larvae. The naked belly is pale pink, and there are no males. And female abdomen with resting eggs. When there are a large number of males and females with dormant eggs, most adult females do not lay eggs. When there are no summer eggs in the body, the number of individuals drastically decreases and the water should be changed in time.
After inoculation (0.2-0.3 individuals/ml) in a large culture pond, the growth is more than 10 times in 10 days or more. The vortex phenomenon often appears on the surface of the water. At this time, it can be harvested, and the number of individuals in the pond can be collected every day. 20-30%. The culture conditions are normal, and it is possible to continuously harvest for 20-30 days, use 15 tons of water troughs, use baker's yeast as bait, and culture at 24°C. The maximum ten-day average weight of the harvested grains is 3,000 g per day.
4 harvest: available dip net fishing, but also drainage filter. It is better to use net harvesting for the early morning. Most of the abdomen is gathered in the corner of the drainage end. The harvesting is relatively easy. In the afternoon, evening, rainy days and windy days, the abdomen is scattered throughout the pool or is settled. To the bottom of the pool, it is harder to catch it. The fished claas are transferred to fresh water for temporary storage. The density should not be too great. Inflate if necessary. Before feeding fish and shrimp larvae, they should be washed with fresh or filtered water, and 1 ppm of oxytetracycline should be added to prevent bacteria from entering the larvae. For long-term preservation, vacuum freeze-drying method is used to maintain the original composition, and the long-term storage is not deteriorated. The simple method can remove the moisture from the harvested abdomen and freeze it. It can also be dried in the air or dried in a hot air and stored in a moisture-proof container. Capped with nitrogen, it can be oxidized.
(1) Cultivation of the beaked plover: The dormant eggs of the beaked plover are shallowly buried in the sediment of the seabed. The distribution of the surface layer from the surface to the depth of 2 cm accounts for 60-100%, but it does not seem to be less than 6 cm. Egg distribution. From the sediments on the coastal seafloor, dormant eggs can be harvested from the surface by using Ekman's clay picker, 5-6 cm. Judging from the general distribution trend of the dormant eggs of the Cladocera species in Neiwan, the most Common species are the most common species, and the eggs of other species are relatively few. The proportion of dormant eggs in the beak tipped owl is about 1.12-1.35. When the egg is recovered from the mud, tap water can be added. The soil is filtered with a mesh sieve of approximately 0.1 mm. After filtration, the dormant eggs are floated. To the water surface. It was picked up and placed in a large petri dish containing concentrated saline. Under the dissecting microscope, the dormant eggs of Cladocera were separated from the supernatant. The dormant eggs of the tipped beak of the bird's beak have a dorsal aspect of an oval shape with a long diameter of 0.20-0.28 mm, an average length of 0.25 mm, a short diameter of 0.14-0.20 mm and an average of 0.18 mm. About 0.10 mm thick. The prominent depression in the central part of the surface is its characteristic. The egg membrane is thick and rich in yolk. When light passes through, it appears dark, and under reflected light, it appears off-white.
The hatching rate of the dormant eggs of the tipped beak was the highest at a salinity of 25.5‰, a water temperature of 18°C, and a light intensity of 1,000 lux (light for 12 hours). The dormant eggs begin to hatch within 11-36 days, and hatching is also generally earlier under conditions of high hatching rate. It takes approximately 100 hours from the appearance of resting eggs (significant increase in cytoplasmic granules) to the hatching of hatchlings. The amount of daily intake per day is 8–26104 cells/day when fed with Sphaeropsis versicolor. individual. Therefore, when the culture, the appropriate density of bait: When 1 ml per ml, with 15-18104 cells / ml is more appropriate. In the course of culture, the water was changed once in 4-7 days, and the number of individuals rapidly increased after 4 weeks of culture, and reached 20 times after 28-37 days. It increased to 200 times after 44-63 days. When the breeding density reaches 2 individuals/ml, the yield between the beginning and the end of the crop is 50%, which can maintain the density of 2 individuals/ml in general, and the culture condition is more stable than the non-incidence. The amount of intercropping is roughly equivalent to one liter of seawater, and 1,000 individuals can be harvested each week (wet weight is about 60-70 mg and dry weight is about 2 mg). The beaked plover is more sensitive to water quality deterioration, so it is only cultivated with biological feed. However, in the cultivation, there are sediments such as microalgae debris and skin under the arm, and the water quality is still contaminated. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to change the water once a week.
(2) Culture of spiny naked belly puffer: When the conditions are appropriate, cladocera will continue to parthenogenetic and multiply in a short time. Taking advantage of this feature, it has been used for many years to cultivate food organisms for fish farming.
1 Cultivation facilities: In the past, organic fertilizers were used in open-pit soil pools, and phytoplankton and microorganisms were cultured. Numerous cultures of freshwater horned spiny barbaric puffers can be cultured in round-ear culture tanks after the initial bait organism, rotifer culture. Cement ponds can also be built or cultured in large tanks. The concrete pool area is 15-50 square meters, the pool depth is 0.6-1 meters, slightly deep in summer (above 22 degrees Celsius) and winter (0-7 degrees Celsius), with water temperature fluctuations; in spring and autumn, to make the water warm, it can be omitted. Shallow, 30-40 cm. Take a certain slope at the bottom of the pool to facilitate drainage. Before the water enters the water, the pool should be flushed, and the water is poured into the pool to be screened or filtered with 3-4 layers of gauze to prevent harmful organisms (filamentous algae, algae, insect larvae, etc.) and large grit. When mixed in, the mixed water is brought into the mud and the bottom of the pool is deposited, and the sludge plugs the water filter, causing a large number of deaths. Therefore, the pool should be filled with fresh water. The number of ponds should be determined according to the scale and needs of the fish. Indoor culture pools are generally equipped with heating and ventilation facilities.
2 Acquisition of the original species: The sediment from the aquarium can be used to obtain dormant eggs. Commonly cultivated clam-like pool bottom will remain dormant eggs. When the season comes, simply add water (warm if necessary) to breed. The cultivars needed for spring cultivation should be ready in the fall of the previous year.
(3) Culture method: When the spiny barbara culture season arrives, after the original species is obtained, the culture is started in a small container (30-500 liters). After breeding, move it to a large container again. The inoculum size is 0.2-0.3 individuals/ml. The individual counts are higher than that of the mangifer, and the wet weight of the spiny barbara can be weighed. The gram is calculated by converting 10,000 individuals per gram (mixture of pupa and cubs). For the leeches used for inoculation in the culture, individuals in the flume with a large number of parthenogenetic females (Waixia eggs) should be selected. In order to prevent other organisms from mixing during inoculation, it is best to rinse with fresh water and then put it in. In order to inhibit the proliferation of other harmful freshwater organisms (filamentous, vegetative, leaf-legged, and crustacean), they may be cultured in 0.1-0.2% saline, except for the occasional presence of rotifer Brachionus, which has no other harmful effects. , The cultivation water temperature is high (above 30°C), the reproduction is rapid, but the persistence is poor. Generally, under low water temperature conditions (about 20°C), the propagation speed is relatively slow. Under the optimum water temperature of about 25°C, the cultivation pond irrigation After the fifth day can be placed into the species. Or put in 2-3 days after fertilization, fertilizers use inorganic nitrogen fertilizer and yeast, nitrogen fertilizer is applied at 13 mg/l nitrogen, that is, 65 g ammonium sulfate or 37.5 g ammonium nitrate is applied per cubic meter of water, and yeast applies inorganic fertilizer. After being put into the pool, the yeast is soaked with warm water to make a 10-20% solution, and is withdrawn into the culture pool along the wall of the pool. The yeast was fed twice a day, and the amount of feeding was 30-50% of the wet weight of the naked belly in the culture tank. More than the initial amount of inoculation, the final period can be slightly reduced, inorganic fertilizer can promote the proliferation of unicellular algae in the pool, yeast can be used as raw bait, can also promote the proliferation of bacteria and algae, can also be applied organic manure, reproduction Microorganisms or chicken manure combined with yeast produced better results. When the culture is in good condition, almost all adult females have a large number of eggs and larvae (22-64) in the nursery ponds, and 50-60% of the cultures are larvae. The naked belly is pale pink, and there are no males. And female abdomen with resting eggs. When there are a large number of males and females with dormant eggs, most adult females do not lay eggs. When there are no summer eggs in the body, the number of individuals drastically decreases and the water should be changed in time.
After inoculation (0.2-0.3 individuals/ml) in a large culture pond, the growth is more than 10 times in 10 days or more. The vortex phenomenon often appears on the surface of the water. At this time, it can be harvested, and the number of individuals in the pond can be collected every day. 20-30%. The culture conditions are normal, and it is possible to continuously harvest for 20-30 days, use 15 tons of water troughs, use baker's yeast as bait, and culture at 24°C. The maximum ten-day average weight of the harvested grains is 3,000 g per day.
4 harvest: available dip net fishing, but also drainage filter. It is better to use net harvesting for the early morning. Most of the abdomen is gathered in the corner of the drainage end. The harvesting is relatively easy. In the afternoon, evening, rainy days and windy days, the abdomen is scattered throughout the pool or is settled. To the bottom of the pool, it is harder to catch it. The fished claas are transferred to fresh water for temporary storage. The density should not be too great. Inflate if necessary. Before feeding fish and shrimp larvae, they should be washed with fresh or filtered water, and 1 ppm of oxytetracycline should be added to prevent bacteria from entering the larvae. For long-term preservation, vacuum freeze-drying method is used to maintain the original composition, and the long-term storage is not deteriorated. The simple method can remove the moisture from the harvested abdomen and freeze it. It can also be dried in the air or dried in a hot air and stored in a moisture-proof container. Capped with nitrogen, it can be oxidized.
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