Snapping Turtle Breeding Technology

Snapping Turtle has the characteristics of high reproduction rate, fast growth, and more meat production. Its beautiful shape and high ornamental value. Its meat has a high therapeutic nourishing effect, and its shell has a very high medicinal value ... In short, it is a rare animal worthy of our promotion.
Snapping turtles are native to North and Central America and are also known as small alligator turtles. In recent years, the introduction of artificial breeding in China has been successful. It is famous for its strong and fleshy meat. It is also known as a tortoise. It is a rare and valuable product among turtles. It has the characteristics of high meat yield, rich nutrition, fast growth, and high economic value. Its meat yield ranks first among turtles, which is 85% to 89%, which is 2 times that of common turtles. Average annual weight gain of snaking turtles is 550g to 1100g, but its growth speed is particularly fast under temperature control, and automatic temperature control devices are used. For weightlifting experiments on American snapping turtles, the average annual weight gain is 1500g~2000g, and the fastest annual weight gain is 2500g. It is several times that of a common turtle. Snapping turtles are delicate, crispy, delicious, and have no peculiar smell. The nourishing effect is very obvious. It can be used to help the Yang Road, make up the Yin and blood, and improve the vitality. After all the illness, blood deficiency, fatigue, fatigue, Long-term weakness, false cough and sputum are markedly effective. Also particularly suitable for postpartum tonic, anemia, insomnia, and mental decline in consumption, turtle shell has a swelling effect, suitable for cancer caused by yin deficiency, blood deficiency syndrome. The glans also have some medicinal value.
First, biological characteristics and habits
1, features: Snapping Turtle looks strange, ornamental value is quite high, thick look like a crocodile, the head is relatively large, can not be fully reduced within the shell, neck short and stout, collar with long brown thorns, eyes small, mouth jaw Small, pointed, long-tailed and long-tailed, with ribs on both sides, with long meat spikes on the ribs. A two-thirds scale at the front of the tail has a scaly, ridged, jagged mouth and a thin back shell. The epithelium is mainly tan, occasionally brownish, with three fuzzy ribs on the back and radial markings. The posterior edge is dentate, the abdomen is white, occasionally has small black spots, black when young, and the limbs are thick, muscular, with sharp claws. Strong, good at crawling.
2. Living habits Snapping turtles can live in water at 3 to 45°C, they are most active at 20 to 30°C, they grow fastest at 28 to 31°C, they hibernate below 15°C, and they do not freeze under the ice at -5°C. More than 1 °C can safely over the winter. Snapping Turtles enjoy a quiet environment and have a mixed diet. They like to eat small animals and aquatic plants in the water. They also eat dead, live animals, fresh grass leaves and flowers and fruits on the shore. Feeds for artificial rearing include fresh fish, shrimp, snails, clams, insects, cockroaches, cocoons, maggots, yellow mealworms, various internal organs and wastes of livestock and poultry, and extruded feeds. Their food intake changes with changes in the ambient temperature. Between 3 and 5% of its body weight, artificial feeds are fed after training. Feeding under natural conditions, feeding once a day in early spring and early winter, feeding at high temperatures at noon. Spring does not reach the late autumn this time is the turtle eating season, feeding twice a day, the time should be in the morning 9 to 10 points and 4 to 5 points in the afternoon, feed the total amount of 40% in the morning, feed 60% in the afternoon, feed in the On the slopes or in the corners of the pond, you can also set a plank under the slope for feeding. Once in a fixed place, don't change it often. Feed the feed within 90 to 150 minutes. If you can't finish it, eat it. Times can be less investment, turtles feed more, turtles feed less, the general amount of feed accounted for turtle weight between 3 to 5%, less spring and autumn food, summer food intake. There are many varieties of feed, and compound feeds are also available. However, it is important to note that large ones must be cut small and hard ones must be softened with water and raw and cooked. Small tortoises should be fed more nutritious feed and chopped as much as possible to facilitate digestion. Do not feed modified feed. Can also be appropriate with some vegetable feed, such as fruits and other.
Second, feeding and management
1、Dividing stocks in a graded stocking pond can be reared in groups of 1 to 2 (1 male and 2 mothers) or in medium turtles 3 groups or in hatchlings 5 ​​to 10 groups or hatchlings in 10 to 20 groups. Can not be mixed, so as not to affect the growth of small turtles.
2, fixed point, regular, quantitative feeding early spring and early winter feeding at noon every day, the late spring to late autumn is the peak season of feeding, feeding twice a day, 9:00 am feeding 40% late afternoon and then feeding 60%, feeding should be Fixed a place, the food dropped in 150min finished eating, can not eat less next time cast, large food to cut small, hard to soak, raw and cooked can be, small hatchlings fed nutritious crush Feed, spoilage feeds cannot be used. The feed is mainly animal feed. It can be used with some vegetable, fruit and vegetable feeds, or it can be fed with turtle feed.
3, regular time change of water, disinfection of large pool, 20d ~ 50d part of the water change 1, small pond 2d ~ 3d or 6d ~ 7d part of the change of water, transparency remained at 10cm ~ 2ccm, according to the situation in the winter as little as possible , but the cylinder pot should be promptly changed the water, pool water generally 20d ~ 30d with 10ppm bleach disinfection, can prevent the disease.
4. Summer pool water must be kept at 80cm. Above the pool should be shaded by 1/5 or more. Keep some duckweeds in the pond. Plant trees around. If necessary, inject fresh water to cool, so that the water temperature does not exceed 45°C. 5. Breed and hatch wild snapping turtles Spawning began at 3 years, and hatchery turtles began to spawn after being raised for 18 months or more. The natural mating occurs from April to May and from September to October, and the spawning period occurs from May to August. Female turtles spawn at night, producing 30 to 120 eggs per year, and spawning 3 to 4 batches of 8 to 50 eggs. Incubation method: The incubator is 20cm high, 50cm wide, and 70cm long. Drill several leak holes in the bottom of the box, put 5cm coarse sand, put 5cm fine sand, put the eggs on the sand (animals with white spots up), and cover 5cm fine sand, and then covered with rodents, snakes, the use of coarse sand, were first scalded with boiling water disinfection. Check eggs once a day. If the surface of the sand surface is dry, it is necessary to apply water and moisturize it. The hatchling rate can be hatched at natural temperature from 65d to 75d. The hatching rate is 93% to 96%. If the temperature is 30°C and the relative humidity is 80% to 90%, hatchlings can be hatched after 50d...60d. The hatching rate is 98%. After the hatchling hatched, allow it to move in the incubator for several hours until the umbilical cord falls off. That is, move it into a 200 ppm potassium permanganate solution and sterilize it for 5 minutes. Then put the feed into the clear water.
Third, the summer and winter special care Summer temperatures are high, in some areas the field temperature exceeds 40 °C, the surface temperature exceeds 60 °C The surface temperature exceeds 45 °C, this time, to deepen the pool water, do not be shallower than 30 cm, outdoor pool cover More than one-fifth of the shade, or in the pool to cool duckweed plants like cooling, but also in the pool planting a few fruit trees. Try to keep the surface temperature no higher than 43°C. Snapping Turtle has strong adaptability, is a variable temperature animal, high temperature resistance and low temperature resistance, it can survive within a water temperature of 5°C to 43°C, but it is most active at 23°C to 38°C, and the growth rate is 28°C to 3l°C. The fastest, the following 15 °C into the hibernation, very little activity, all hibernation below 13 °C, according to the test, -5 °C in the water under the ice will not die, more than 1 °C safe.
Fourth, characteristics
1, fast growing at natural temperatures, Snapping Turtles can increase the average annual weight of 1000 to 1500 grams, two times faster than the average turtle, faster than the rapid growth of the turtle more than twice as fast. If the water temperature is within 30+-1°C, the growth will be faster and the average annual weight gain will be over 2000 grams. Its growth rate is second only to the giant crocodile. During the trial raising process, the 500-gram turtle will grow from spring to autumn and the body weight can be increased. More than 2,500 grams.
2, the high rate of meat out of snapping turtle subcutaneous abdominal except 15% of the entire abdomen thin area around the thin bone, the entire abdomen is full of meat whistling, stronger and stronger than the soft-shelled turtle. According to foreign materials, the meat yields of different weights of snapping turtles are as follows: 500 grams up to 75%, 1,000 grams up to 83%, 2500 grams turtles up to 85% (including internal weight after decontamination), which is unmatched by general turtles .
3, low cost of feeding with common animal feed and leftovers snapping turtles, feed ratio is generally 3:1 ~ 4:1, such as raising the full price of feed, can be 1.5 ~ 2:1. Such as constant temperature culture, can also reduce costs, according to another test, with a small trash fish, cocoon, lung and mixed feed a quarter of a mixed feeding turtle, the original body weight of 10 grams of hatchlings by 5 months, weight gain of 400 ~ 500 grams; 100 grams of hatchlings grow to 600-700 grams for 3 months, and their feed costs only a few cents a day. If you feed the snapping turtles through self-cultivation and autotrophs, locusts, mealworms, and snail shellfish, the cost will be lower.
V. Diagnosis and treatment of common diseases of turtles The turtles have strong vitality and disease resistance, and they have fewer diseases. However, under artificial feeding conditions, due to various factors such as feeding sites, temperature, and bait, various types of turtles may also occur. Diseases, so usually pay attention to observation and inspection, if found to be abnormal, it is necessary to timely remedy, so as to avoid economic losses. The diagnosis and treatment experience of common diseases of turtles are described below for reference application.
1, traumatic inflammation due to rough feeding pool scratches the skin, or scratch each other in the transport caused by bacterial infection can be used hydrogen peroxide disinfection of the wound, coated with red syrup or gentian violet, can also be applied anti-inflammatory ointment, and then leave the water If you do not find inflammation in time, you can use Tetracycline and Spiramycin mixed feed to feed each dose: 500g turtle is 1/2 of adult dosage once a day for 3 days. Feeding unclean or spoilage feed in the summer can cause gastroenteritis. Some turtles vomit and diarrhea. The turtles in the pool all suffer from loss of appetite and food intake. If they are not treated, they can cause dehydration and death of the diseased turtle. Or gentamicin, 0.2g per 500g turtle, once a day.
2. Indigestion If a large amount of feed is fed over a long period of time or it is difficult to digest feed, it often causes indigestion and even causes food refusal. Therefore, the feed should be diversified and not be single. If indigestion is found, the first thing to do is to switch to scales, fragrant and soft foods to guide the appetite, and to treat the diseased turtle with multi-enzyme solution, for each 500g turtle, once for 1 tablet, and other drugs that can help digestion (such as yeast Etc.) Do not excessively feed high-fat foods such as silkworm cocoons and fatty meats. Otherwise, over time, poor fat metabolism will increase the difficulty of treatment.
3, cold spring or early winter climate change, if improper feeding and management, a small number of turtles have a cold phenomenon, especially when the temperature within the Wen due to poor ventilation and sudden temperature drop occurs easily. Symptoms are turtle breathing, blocked nose, occasional mucus or crusting, some tears, and even mouth vocalization. After the onset of illness, the virus can be added to the feed. Each 500 g turtle feeds one half a day. If there is laryngitis, it can be sprayed into the turtle's beak with a watermelon cream powder twice a day, usually for 3 to 4 days. cure.
4. Saprolegniasis Saprolegniasis is a disease caused by waterborne fungi. It is mainly caused by fungal parasitism not seen in the winter or in poor water quality. Occasionally, it occurs in autumn and spring. In general, when this disease occurs, it can be seen that the white neck-like sticky substance is also floating in the water around the turtle neck and sometimes even on the shell. It is also called water mildew. Aquatic mildew has little effect on big tortoises, but it may cause death for small turtles. It can dip diseased turtles with one-tenth of malachite green solution for 15 minutes, and it can also be used to dip sick turtles with salt water.
5, rotten shell disease: The disease is mainly the invasion of the bacteria into the turtle shell erosion. Symptoms are the initial appearance of white spots on the back shell or base plate of the turtle, slowly forming a red block, pressing it with force, there is blood out of the water. During the treatment, the epidermis of the affected area can be punctured and squeezed out of blood, rubbed with salt, rinsed after rubbing, once a day for 15 days. Can also be used Zijin ingots (medicine name, pharmacy sale) vinegar word uniform paste to apply to the affected area, can be cured several times.
Sixth, in the future, in China, the artificial breeding of turtle industry has just begun, especially in the first year of saturation of the breeding industry, the number of turtle-turners has been increasing, but most of them are only staring at the general varieties, and it is foreseen that in the future development, Only rare valuable turtles, such as foreign world-class turtles, will inevitably be invincible and monopolize the market. This is the ultimate direction of the selection of breeding turtle species in the next 10 years. This is not an exaggeration. The development of the breeding industry in China has only blossomed after more than 15 years of development. Today, artificial breeding is about to become saturated. This is not to say that it can no longer be developed and has no future. It should be said that this still has the possibility of development, and it can even be permanently consolidated. Through hard work, the cost of raising has been reduced, and the price has become moderate and affordable. After eating, it is gone. Someone has to raise it. The turtle has only just opened its head in advocating the development of breeding, and whoever raises it first must have considerable benefits. Currently, there are less than one turtle farm on average in the ten counties in the country. Compared with at least several breeding farms in each township, turtles are even rarer and less valuable. They are still a breeding ground during the next ten years. .
Therefore, raising snapping turtles has broad prospects for development. This is a historical experience and you are welcome to join the ranks of domestic snapping turtles.

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