First, the causes and prevention of injury
No crop has absolute patience or resistance to herbicides, and all herbicide varieties have relative selectivity to crops and weeds. Only when they have certain conditions and are used correctly can they show their Selectivity without harming crops.
1. Pharmacological factors: When selecting herbicides, we must be clear about their characteristics, usage, dosage, applicable crops, weeding range, precautions, etc., in order to select the appropriate herbicides.
2. Environmental factors:
1 temperature. Herbicides are susceptible to phytotoxicity at low or high temperatures. The use of chlorotoluron in wheat fields before and after the cold flow, because the crop is subjected to frost damage, it is easy to exacerbate the occurrence of phytotoxicity. The lack of cold-resistance exercise in wheat field management will weaken the resistance of wheat and cause phytotoxicity.
2 humidity. The use of herbicides requires a certain humidity in Daejeon. If the soil is too dry, the medicinal effect is difficult to exert and there will be phytotoxicity. If the humidity is too high, the efficacy of the drug is good, but it is also prone to phytotoxicity.
3 soil conditions. Soil organic matter is an important factor affecting the herbicide activity. When the organic matter content is high, soil treatment herbicides should not be used. Herbicides of the same structure are less affected by the organic matter with lower water solubility and higher water solubility.
4 Residual phytotoxicity. Different types of herbicides have a large residual effect in the soil, and some herbicides have a long residual effect, such as chlorsulfuron, simazine, trifluralin, and tigerweed. After rotation, the pods are sensitive and the crops are vulnerable. The use of atrazine in summer sowing maize in northern China often results in serious growth or inconsistent medication, which seriously affects the growth of post-harvest wheat.
3. Use technology:
1 Use standard equipment and apply on sunny or breezy sunny days. When spraying, the boom should be parallel to the ground, and the walking speed should be uniform. No repeated spraying. Sprayers should be cleaned promptly after application of the drug.
2 Herbicides should be flexibly selected based on the characteristics of the herbicide, the occurrence of weeds, and the growth stage of the crop. The blind mix of herbicides should be avoided in the production, and as much as possible.
Second, drug damage remedies
It is difficult to relieve herbicides in a short period of time after they are produced. It is necessary to comprehensively analyze the causes of the harm caused by the herbicides and determine the specific remedies.
1. Spraying with clear water: When the spraying dose of a specific herbicide is too large, it shall be sprayed with clear water in time to remove residual foliar, reduce the concentration of herbicide in the crop, and promptly irrigate the water to promote the transpiration of wheat to reduce the injury.
2. Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water: When the damage is light, some leaves of the crop appear brown spots, and the heart leaves do not die. The loss of part of the leaves can be compensated by strengthening the management of fertilizer and water, and can generally be restored in a short time.
3. Spray antidote or corresponding remedy: Ferrous sulfate can reduce the phytotoxicity of Gramoxone to wheat, and calcium polysulfide can make the residual simazine activity in soil disappear. Due to the phytotoxicity caused by auxin type herbicides, gibberellin can be sprayed to reduce the harm of the phytotoxicity; due to the phytotoxicity caused by the contact herbicides, foliar fertilizers can be sprayed to promote the rapid recovery of the crops, thereby relatively reducing the phytotoxicity.
4. Select herbicide-resistant crop varieties.
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