Plastic greenhouses are generally planted in early spring in mid-December and harvested in early May. They have the advantages of low input, low risk of planting, and high yield. The key techniques for raising seedlings of sweet peppers are now described as follows:
First, choose suitable varieties
Planting greenhouses in advance of spring pepper should use medium-early-maturing varieties with good disease resistance, high yield and good quality. For example, there are varieties such as yao yan 12, yan yan 13, yan yan new 6, yan yan 28, junza 3, yan yan 18 and yan yan 19.
Second, seed disinfection
After soaking in warm water at 55°C for 20-30 minutes, soaking in fresh water for 3-4 hours, soaking with 1% copper sulfate for 5 minutes can prevent and cure anthrax and epidemic diseases, then rinse with clean water and then soak in 10% trisodium phosphate solution. 30 to 40 minutes, can passivate the activity of the virus to prevent the occurrence of virus disease, rinse with water. Or soaking seeds with 200 mg/L streptomycin for 30 minutes is effective for preventing scab, bacterial wilt, or soaking with 0.3% potassium permanganate for 20-30 minutes to prevent viral diseases. Seed soaking at room temperature for 8 to 10 hours, remove and dry water, placed under 25 °C ~ 30 °C temperature conditions germination, sooner or later wash with water 1 times, sowing after budding.
Third, nursery
Determine the sowing date according to local climatic conditions. In the mid-south area of ​​southern Fujian Province, planting seedlings is generally planted in the greenhouse in mid-December.
1. Nursery soil requirements. Seedlings require that the soil is loose and has good ventilation; the second is fertile and nutritious; the third is suitable for acid and alkali, generally requires neutral to slightly acidic to slightly alkaline; and the fourth is free or less pathogenic bacteria and pests (eggs).
2. Seedlings. Production generally uses solar greenhouse seedlings and nutritional seedlings. Mantle seedlings: direct on-site nursery, seedlings during seedlings, generally for the production of 1 mu of seedlings, the need to sow nursery area of ​​30 to 40 square meters, if divided seedlings for the production of 1 mu of seedlings, the need to sow area About 10 square meters, 30 to 40 square meters of seedling area. Before the seeding, the bed soil shall be leveled, and every 15 square meters shall be sieved with high-quality decomposing organic manure (horse dung) of 100-150 kilograms, plus 1 to 1.5 kilograms of NPK fertilizer. In order to prevent the occurrence of disease at seedling stage (fallen sickness, blight), medicinal soil may be used for sowing. Pharmacotic soil preparation: Mix 50% carbendazim 8 to 10 grams and 13 kilograms of fine soil with every square meter of sown area. After the seepage of the bottom water is completed, apply 1/3 of the soil to the bed before sowing. Sprinkle 2/3 of the medicine soil to cover the soil. When the thickness is not enough, cover the bed soil to cover the thickness of the cover soil to about 1 cm.
Nutrient seedlings: 50% of the fertile surface sandy loam soil not used for planting solanaceous vegetables, 50% of decomposed sieved manure, and 0.5 to 1 kg of NPK compound per cubic meter. After adding good ingredients, mix the soil and fertilizer thoroughly, then put it in a nutrient solution and pour the bottom water before sowing.
3. Seedling management. Temperature management generally grasps the principle of "two highs, two lows, one control". The temperature required during the seedling and seedling period is relatively high, and the temperature required before seedling, before seedling emergence, and after seedling seedling to seedling hardening is low, and it is necessary to strengthen the low temperature exercise 5 to 7 days before planting. The temperature after sowing should not be lower than 15°C, 28°C ~ 30°C during the day before the seedlings, cooling after the Qimiao, preventing leggy, 25°C ~ 28°C during the day. After the seedlings were covered, the soil was covered and the leaves were exposed for the second time. The soil thickness was 0.3 cm. The crowded seedlings and the time were seedlings. Two to three true leaves were planted or seedlings at intervals of 8-9 cm. From 2 to 3 true leaves, spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.1% urea + 0.2% zinc sulphate mixed fertilizer spray once every 7-10 days to promote flower bud differentiation and improve plant disease resistance.
IV. Balanced fertilization
According to the growth requirements of bell peppers and soil nutrient status, before the site preparation, the quality of the decomposed organic fertilizer should be 5,000 kg or more, 50-80 kg of diammonium phosphate, 20 kg of potassium sulfate, 100-200 kg of cake fertilizer, and 3 kg of copper sulfate. 1 kg of zinc sulphate and 1 kg of borax, various fertilizers can be mixed with the soil as deep turning. If the amount of fertilizer is insufficient, fertilization can be used to supplement fertilizer.
Fifth, advance sheds, timely planting
15 days before planting, the sheds were warmed up, and when the temperature in the shed was stable at 12°C or above, the colonization was performed. The Central South China region is generally planted in mid-March. The cultivation of small and medium rows of 0.45 to 0.5 meters, 0.65 to 0.7 meters of row spacing, 0.35 to 0.4 meters of plant spacing, and 3,000 to 3,500 planted acres. The cultivation density of weaker growing early maturing varieties may be appropriate.
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