Garden selection
Jackfruit likes a warm, humid tropical climate. Not tolerant to cold, the annual average temperature of the planted land is ≥21 °C, the average temperature of the coldest month is ≥13 °C, and the absolute minimum temperature is ≥0 °C. The soil requirements are not strict, and it can grow normally in the soil with deep soil, fertile and loose, and well-drained acidic soil, slightly alkaline clay or sandy loam. It is best to cultivate in low hilly areas or flat land below 600 meters above sea level.
Seed reproduction
During the main ripening period of jackfruit, the dried baguettes with complete maturity, normal fruit development and no pests and diseases are selected, washed with water, then spread on a sand bed for germination, and covered with fine sand 1 to 2 cm on the sand bed. Covering 1 layer of straw, the water is sprayed 1 or 2 times a day. After about 1 week, the roots are sprouted one after another. When the seedlings grow 1 to 2 leaves, they can be transplanted in separate beds.
Bud propagation
The jackfruit seedlings can be budded up to more than 1 cm, and the buds are grafted with the patch buds. In the fine varieties, the annual and sunny old branches are used for scioning. The scion should be moisturized and stored. It is best to follow the harvest. It can be budded throughout Hainan in the whole year, but the survival rate of the buds in the rainy season and tree growing season from April to October is higher. High, at this time the rootstock and scion are easy to peel, and it is easy to survive after picking up.
Garden planting
The length of the jackfruit plant is 5-6 m×6-7 m, and the hole is 80 cm×80 cm×80 cm. The weeds are placed at the bottom of the hole. The branches and leaves are mixed with 0.5 kg of lime, and then the topsoil is returned to the pond. 30 kg of feces and 0.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer. Jackfruit can be planted all year round, but it is best in spring planting (3~4 months) and autumn planting (9-November). When planting, the soil in the planting hole should be finely spliced ​​and the roots of the seedlings should be straightened out. Laminated into fine soil, preferably with a flat neck and a flat surface. Immediately after planting, water the root water and cover the tree plate with a plastic film.
Rational fertilization
1. Young trees: The roots of young trees are shallow and narrow. It is advisable to apply thinly and thinly, and it is better to use water and fertilizer. Generally, it is more reasonable to use a single fertilizer, that is, to promote the fertilizer and the strong fertilizer. Between the shoot shoots and a small number of shoot shoots, the first year of plant application of urea 20 g / times. In most of the young shoots, the new leaves were 6 cm long and the new leaves at the base of the shoots were changed from light green to dark green, and compound fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were applied. In the first year, the plant application (20 g of compound fertilizer + 15 g of potassium sulfate) was repeated, and it increased year by year.
2. Results tree: The result tree is generally fertilized 3 times a year. Applying flower-promoting fertilizer before the flowering spike, mainly compound fertilizer, each compound fertilizer 1 kg, potassium sulfate 0.5 kg, manure water 5 kg. The strong fruit fertilizer is applied in the young fruit stage, mainly based on nitrogen and potassium. The purpose is to promote the rapid expansion of the fruit. Each plant applies 5 kg of pig manure, 0.5 kg of urea, 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer and 0.5 kg of potassium sulfate. Post-harvest fertilizer should be re-applied with pruning in October. Organic fertilizer should be re-applied to promote the germination of adventitious buds. For the regeneration of canopy, 15 kg of chicken manure, 0.5 kg of urea, 1 kg of compound fertilizer and 0.5 kg of superphosphate can be applied. kilogram.
Plastic trim
The results of the jackfruit are on the trunk, the main branches and the small branches. In the production, the height of the canopy should be controlled, and a good round-headed crown can be cultivated. The young tree is mainly cultivated with a canopy, and it is matched with plastic surgery. When the height of the trunk reaches 1 meter, the main stem is short, and the branches are promoted. The cross branches, dense branches and overlapping branches are cut off. Generally, the first branch is cultivated with 3 to 4 branches, and the height of the canopy is 3.5 meters. As a result, tree pruning is dominated by winter pruning, mainly cutting off dead, weak branches, overly branches, residual fruit branches and male flower branches. In order to control the canopy, the individual big branches and long branches should be properly short-cut to keep the branches evenly distributed.
Flower promotion result
After the pineapple is planted, if the vegetative growth is too strong to affect the flowering result, the ringing or ring cutting can be carried out on the trunk and the main branch, so that the nutrient is more accumulated on the branches of the ground, and the result of the flowering is promoted, or the trunk is Scratching every 30 cm on the branch can also achieve the effect of promoting flowering. In order to stab the cortex without damaging the xylem, it is not necessary to wipe off the effluent juice.
Fruit thinning
Jackfruit is thinned out every year from March to April, and 3 to 5 per square meter of crown is suitable and evenly distributed. The principle of thinning is to remove the dense fruit and the deformed fruit. Spray insecticide + fungicide + foliar fertilizer once every 15 days in the young fruit period, spray insecticide + fungicide once every 30 days when the fruit is basically set to prevent pests and diseases and promote fruit Inflated.
Pest control
The insect pests of jackfruit are common and serious to the beetle and beetle, which endangers the branches, causing glue, branches, trees to weaken, trunks and even decay. It can kill adult worms, scrape eggs, or use chlorpyrifos 600 times to coat the trunk and needle wormhole. The diseases mainly include leaf spot disease, soot disease, flower and fruit soft rot, etc., and can be controlled by 1000 times carbendazim or 1500 times chlorothalonil.
Harvest at the right time
The ripening period of jackfruit fruit is concentrated in June-August. Due to different climates, the temperature is high, the flowering period is early, the maturity is earlier, the temperature is low, the flowering period is late, and the maturity is late. Because the same plant has a long flowering period and mature, the jackfruit should be harvested in stages to ensure quality and increase yield, which is also conducive to the restoration of the tree. When the hexagonal knob-like protrusion of the peel is round, the shape is full, the peel of the hand touch is slightly soft, and the smell can be smelled, it can be harvested, and it can be eaten after 2 to 3 days of harvesting.
This article URL: How to choose the cultivation technology of jackfruit and field water and fertilizer management
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