Water is an extremely important component of the potato. 90% of the plants are water, and 80% of the tubers are also water. This shows that water is extremely important for sweet potatoes.
First of all, drought will limit the growth of roots, affect the absorption of nutrients and the growth of shoots and leaves above the ground, reduce the photosynthetic efficiency, reduce the accumulation of dry matter, and ultimately affect the yield; Second, the drought will limit the expansion of tubers, or even produce deformed potatoes; In the tuber formation period, the dryness and dampness will seriously affect the quality of the potato pieces. When the drought occurs, the pericarp of the potato pieces is likely to be corked. When the moisture is sufficient, although the corkification phenomenon is relieved, it is prone to occur twice. Growing, potato chips grow on the top of the tuber, and both ends of the tuber are thick and fine in the middle. In addition, in the late stage of tuber growth, the more severe drought will lead to brown spots inside the potato block, affecting the quality of sweet potato products. And during the harvest period, the soil is too dry and can easily damage the tubers.
Maintaining adequate water during tuber formation increases starch content. In dry years, regular quantitative water and tuber water production per mu can reach 24% to 36.8%, even in stormy years, it can increase production by 0.9%~13.9%.
To ensure the high yield and quality of sweet potatoes, irrigation is one of the keys. Strictly control the soil moisture according to the growing demand of sweet potato in different periods. Avoid “dry and damp†and “timely quantitative†irrigation to create a comfortable and comfortable growing environment for sweet potatoes. In addition, under the condition of insufficient irrigation conditions, the drought resistance of sweet potato should be considered. The reasonable application of potash fertilizer has a significant effect on improving the drought resistance of sweet potato. The seedling stage is the critical point of potassium. Properly supplementing potash fertilizer can increase the water-holding capacity of the plants, and make the seedlings stand upright, robust, and have enhanced photosynthesis and disease resistance.
Do not avoid excessive temperature, the growth rate of buds is too fast, easy to form slender, thin tall seedlings, eventually leading to overall plant growth is weak, disease resistance decreased, and ultimately seriously affect the yield and product quality.
When the temperature rose above 25°C, the growth of stems and leaves began to slow down, and when they reached 35°C, the plants stopped growing. The relatively large temperature difference between day and night is very suitable for the accumulation of dry matter in the tuber, and the relatively high temperature during the day can increase the photosynthetic efficiency, increase the dry matter synthesis, and lower the temperature at night, which can reduce the plant's consumption of dry matter.
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