Carrots are typically sown between mid-July and mid-September, but the high temperatures and rainy season during this period can be challenging for seed germination. The hairy surface of carrot seeds and the presence of volatile oils can hinder water absorption, leading to delayed germination and weak seedlings. As a result, carrot growth may be slow, and the overall yield can suffer. Based on years of experience from various regions, implementing the following techniques can significantly improve seedling uniformity and achieve higher yields in one go.
For optimal growth, carrots require well-loosened soil. Soil preparation should involve deep plowing to a depth of at least 30 cm, ensuring the soil is finely crushed and the field is smooth and level. The planting beds should be 2 to 2.5 meters wide to facilitate efficient irrigation and drainage.
Applying proper basal fertilizer is essential for high-quality and high-yield carrots. To avoid burning from organic fertilizer, it should be fully decomposed and mixed before application. A recommended amount is 2,500 to 3,000 kg of organic manure per mu, along with 50 to 80 kg of compound fertilizer. Adding a small amount of pesticide to the organic fertilizer can also help protect against underground pests, improving seedling survival.
Before sowing, it's important to treat the seeds. First, remove the fine hairs from the dried seeds to allow better contact with the soil. Soak the seeds in warm water (40°C) for 30 minutes, then cool them down to 20–25°C by adding cold water and let them soak for 24 hours. This ensures the seeds absorb enough water and begin germination. Germination occurs best at 20–25°C, and once more than half of the seeds have started to sprout, they should be sown immediately. Studies show that sowing 2–5 days earlier can increase seedling emergence by 6.4% to 9.6%.
Weeding is a critical task in carrot cultivation. Manual weeding is labor-intensive and difficult to manage effectively, especially during the early growth stages. Applying pre-emergence herbicides after sowing helps reduce the need for manual weeding and improves weed control. Herbicides like Shitianbu or Napropamide are safe and effective. Apply 100–150 ml of herbicide EC per mu, mixed with 60–80 kg of water, and spray evenly over the field. This method can control over 95% of weeds efficiently.
After applying the herbicide, cover the field with a 2–3 cm layer of rice straw. This protects the soil from rain erosion, prevents seedling damage, and also provides shade to keep the soil moist and cool. These combined practices ensure healthy, vigorous growth and ultimately lead to a successful carrot harvest.
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