First, the right choice of shelf cattle
1. Select foreign improved beef cattle as the father of the improved cattle.
2, should pick high limbs, long shape, loose skin elasticity, thin muscles, skeleton clear, wide but not full, dense hair soft and healthy cows. Due to the large growth potential of this bovine, fattening effect is good.
3, to choose 2-4 years old, weight 318-363 kilograms, large and thin cattle shelf. Such cattle have large feed intake, high daily weight gain, good fattening effect, short feeding period, and fast cash flow.
Second, improve feed utilization, reduce feed costs
1, choose the appropriate ratio of coarse and coarse and nutritional levels. In the first 30 days, the crude roughage ratio was 3:7-1:1, crude protein content was 12%; in the middle 70 days, the crude roughage ratio was 6:4, the crude protein content was 11%; the last 10-20 days, the crude roughage ratio For 7:3-8:2, the concentrate has a crude protein content of 10%. Generally in the last 10 days, the daily intake of concentrates should reach 4-5 kg/head, and the roughage should allow the cattle to feed freely.
2, feed processing to science. (1) Concentrate: For example, the grain size of corn should be above 1 mm and the grain size of sorghum should be 1 mm. (2) The length of roughage cutting is 5-10mm.
3. The rational use of industrial wastes such as brewer's grains and starch slag, together with the use of additives, can replace 90% of the concentrate in the diet, and the daily weight gain can still reach 1.5 kilograms. Its usage is: brewers feed 15-20 kilograms per cow per day, plus 150 grams of baking soda, 100 grams of urea, 100 grams of beef cattle additive premix. Starch slag, bean curd residue, sugar, soy sauce residue, feed 10-15 kilograms per cow per day, plus 150 grams of baking soda, 100 grams of urea, 100 grams of beef cattle additive premix.
4, full use of feed silage technology, straw ammoniation and fermentation technology. Silage corn is a good feed for fattening cattle. When feeding silage, it can achieve higher daily gain at a lower concentrate level, and urea can be added at 2% dry matter of corn silage to obtain good effect.
Third, improve feeding techniques and raise the level of feeding
1. For normal beef cattle fattening, the fattening method that restricts the free-feeding of concentrates (that is, the limited feeding at the initial stage of fattening and the free feeding at the late stage of fattening) can be used to increase feed efficiency by 5%.
2, male and female should be kept in separate columns. Generally, bulls gain 10% more weight than yak, calves are 10% higher than cows, but bulls affect their growth and development within 1-2 months after castration. The use of drugs or hormones castration, medication for a long time, the effect is poor, there are drug residues, hormone residues, meat does not meet the health requirements, so when choosing a shelf cattle to consider the impact of gender on the speed of weight gain, the bull fattening should not go Potential.
3. The use of an appropriate urease inhibitor premix during the fattening process can increase beef cattle daily gain by more than 18%.
4. Regularly do a good job in environmental sanitation and epidemic prevention and eradication, regularly drive out parasites in the body and outside, and control and eliminate the occurrence of infectious diseases and internal surgical diseases.
5. Beef cattle should be slaughtered as soon as possible when they reach about 500 kilograms. As the weight exceeds 500 kg, the daily weight gain decreases, the consumption of material per kilogram of weight increases, the cost of fattening increases, and the profit decreases.
Fourth, choose the scientific formula
1. Feed formulation based on silage corn (wet weight): 80.8% silage corn, 17.1% corn, 2.1% cottonseed cake.
2. Feed formulation based on distiller's grains (wet weight) (for example, beef cattle with a weight of 300 kg): 1.5 kg of corn, 15 kg of fresh lees, 2.5 kg of cereals, 70 g of urea, 30 g of salt, additive premix 100 g. Due to the low degree of crude protein degradation of distillers grains, it is easy to lead to insufficient degradable nitrogen in the rumen of cattle, and the crude fiber digestibility is reduced. If a certain proportion of urea is added to the distiller's grains diet, good results can be obtained.
3. Formula for beef cattle with a weight less than 300 kilograms on a scale cattle farm: 61 kg of corn, 15 kg of bran, 20 kg of cotton (hybrid) cake, 1 kg of salt, and 1 kg of bone meal. 100 grams of premix per day per cow, 2 kg of concentrate, and roughage allows them to feed freely.
4. Beef cattle fattening formula with a weight of more than 300 kilograms on a cattle farm scale: 70 kg of corn, 13 kg of bran, 15 kg of cotton (hybrid) cake, 1 kg of salt, and 1 kg of bone meal. 100 grams of premix per day per cow, 3-3.5 kilograms of concentrate, roughage allows them to feed freely.