The major loach is a temperate fish, mainly distributed in the central region of China, especially in Hubei and Jiangxi. The signs are obviously different from those of ordinary loach: First, the large muddy loach is dark red and dark yellow. Commonly known as the red muddy; Second, the back side of the big muddy muddy fins only 7, two less than the ordinary muddy; Third, the black spots of the big muddy muddy muddy more fine, scattered dense than the ordinary muddy; four is the big muddy muddy mouth The length of the sliver must be longer than that of the common scorpion, and the squama should be large. Fifth, the swell of the sub-muddy of the big scale is more obvious than that of the common scorpion. Since 2001, after three years of experimental research, the author has worked out a set of mature techniques for rearing seedlings of large scales.
First, broodstock breeding
1. Pond selection Pond location selection requires convenient transportation, adequate water sources, good water quality, convenient irrigation and drainage, and supporting power facilities. The pond area is generally required to be approximately 2,000 square meters.
2. A total of 24 polyethylene cages were set up in the cage setup. The area of ​​each cage varied in size. The largest cage area was about 18 square meters, and the smallest cage area was only 6 square meters. The total area was 298 square meters. Evenly distributed in the pond. The total area of ​​cages per acre pond is 220 square meters.
3. Disinfect the pond with water and put quick lime 150kg/mu to completely kill pathogens in the water. The disinfection time is approximately one month before the broodstock is stocked. The purpose is to allow the cage to adhere to some algae and avoid the nets from scratching the fish.
4. Fertilizer After the pig manure is fermented by stacking, the pond fertilizer should be put into the pond at a dosage of 300 kg/mu 5 days before the broodstock is stocked.
5. The broodstock selection is generally selected from the secondary mud louse of the winter age of more than 2 years, requiring the broodstock to be healthy, disease-free and injury-free, with more mucus on the body surface and bright body color. Female broodstock body length 10cm: about 15g ~ 25g body weight, abdomen enlargement, soft and flexible, ovarian contour is more obvious; male broodstock body length 8cm, weight more than 10g, flexible swimming, light squeeze the abdomen is the reproductive hole Semen outflow.
6. Before broodstock disinfection of broodstock, the broodstock is thrown into a large cask and disinfected with 15ppm potassium permanganate solution for 5 minutes to 8 minutes.
7. Broodstock stocking Put the sterilized loach into the cage. The stocking density is about 8kg/m2.
8. Water Management After the pro-fish are put into the tank, it is necessary to strengthen the management of pond water quality, which is the key to improving the survival rate of broodstock breeding. The normal water color is yellowish green and brownish green, and the transparency of the water body is maintained at about 20cm. Once it is found that the water quality becomes clear, it is necessary to increase the feed amount in time, and at the same time, put the fermented manure into the pond. Normally, the manure should be applied once every 3 days to 5 days, and the amount of each manure is 80kg/ mu.
9. The feed is fed to the feed on the second day after stocking, and the amount of feed is divided into two cases: First, when the transparency of the water is kept between 16cm and 25cm, the feed amount is 3% of the fish body weight; When the transparency of the water body is greater than 25cm, the feeding should be increased, and the fish body weight should be fed at 5% to 8%. Feeding methods are full-box spreads, feeding 1/3 of the daily feed at 8 a.m. and feeding 2/3 of the daily feed at 7 a.m.
10. Day-to-day management First, persist in stacking pig manure; Second, adhere to the morning, evening and evening patrols to prevent muddy floating heads from occurring, and to do rodent and anti-burglary work; thirdly, to catch the slow-moving, dead broodstock in time; It is to pay close attention to the development of gonads in the broodstock. Fifth, to observe and record the changes in broodstock feeding, activities, water temperature and water color, and to take timely measures to identify problems.
11. Disease prevention In the broodstock breeding process, we insist on prevention and control, and regularly sprinkle lime in the pond. The general dosage is about 9kg/mu, which can not only regulate the degree of sinews in the water, but also effectively kill bacteria in the water. And inhibit the growth of germs. The main diseases in the broodstock breeding process are: parasitosis, which is killed with 0.5ppm copper sulfate; and hydromycosis is treated with 3% saline for 5 minutes to 10 minutes.
Second, artificial breeding
1. Pre-preparation work Prepare 6 cages, immerse and sterilize them with 20ppm bleach, set them in fresh water ponds, and prepare the brooded broodstock into cages. According to the broodstock's body weight, gonadotropin chorionic hormone was prepared, and the syringe preparation should also be sufficient, with an accurate scale. The needle should be kept on the 5th and 4th half needles, and it should be sterilized with high temperature before oxytocin production. The towel and gauze are treated with a high temperature method and then dried for use. All hatchery facilities and water were disinfected 2 weeks before birth. The hatching nests were disinfected with 15 ppm potassium permanganate solution a week ago.
2. Artificial induction of production The first batch of artificial oxytocin production began on June 8. Before spawning, a small pump is used to pump water from the outer pond into the broodstock cultivation pond to form a water stream to stimulate maturation of gonads. After the water is stimulated, some broodstock that wanders around the cage and even flips up and down in the water are fished out with a net bag. Female broodstock should be large in the abdomen, with protruding ovum at the genital hole, lightly pressed abdomen with yellowish or even colorless granules outflow; the pore size of the reproductive pores of the male broodstock will become larger, and milky white semen will flow out gently. Such broodstock can be used. In oxytocin production.
When artificially urging, use the palm of your hand to press against the loach of the loach, and then hold the four fingers together to catch the loin of the loach below the neck, so that the loach will not see the light. Insert the syringe with hormone into the back muscles of the loach and gently insert the hormone into the 45 angles. Mud body. Female broodstock injection doses of 850 international units to 1000 international units of human chorionic gonadotropin, the male broodstock dose halved, and then the female broodstock and male broodstock were placed into a set of cages to observe the situation of estrus. Female broodstock can be artificially inseminated with a small amount of ovulation or by gently squeezing the broodstock out of the egg granules. The effect time is between 9.5 hours and 12 hours.
When artificial insemination, the broodstock is captured and gently wipe off the brood body water with a towel or gauze, then squeeze the belly of the brood fish from the upper abdomen down with appropriate force, squeeze the eggs into the bowl and use the same method. Squeeze into the semen and stir it with your hands or feathers to fully fertilize the eggs. Then fertilize the fertilized eggs into the fish nest made of water peanuts and four-season grass, and put them into the hatchery.
During the artificial incubation process, the fish nests that are filled with fertilized eggs are moored in bricks and immersed in hatching tanks and hatching tanks. The distance from the water surface is 20cm to 30cm, and the density of fertilized eggs ranges from 10,000 grains/m2 to 18,000 grains/m2. When the water temperature is 23°C to 24.5°C, fry can be hatched from 72 hours to 75 hours.
Third, natural breeding before the production of cages and disinfection of hatchery facilities only, specific operations are as follows:
1. Move the mature broodstock into a set cage, put it into the prepared fish nest, and then stimulate the broodstock to mate with running water. The male to female ratio is 2:1, and the broodstock stocking density is 2 kg/m2.
2. Strengthen inspections. Due to natural reproduction, broodstock have a long period of spawning and are intermittent. This requires stricter inspections and prompt removal of the nests from which the eggs have been attached and re-insertion into new nests.
3, During the early days after the heavy rain or thunderstorm, it is a period of time when the loach spawns eggs. It is necessary to strengthen the management.
4. In the process of natural reproduction, the time for mating in the same cage will continue for 3 days to 5 days. The heterosexual broodstock will chase each other and entangle the body from time to time to complete the fertilization process.
5. Select 40 groups of loach to be placed in porcelain bowls and white porcelain bowls. After careful observation, the entire fertilization process will take approximately 30 minutes.
6. The hatching method is the same as artificial hatching.
Fourth, seed cultivation
1. Summer flower cultivation The newly hatched seedlings are tightly attached to the grass handle, the wall of the tank, and the cylinder wall. At this time, they rely on yolk nutrition and do not need to be fed until the seedlings are no longer attached to the attachment. Start feeding. After the start of eating, the seedlings should be combined with fertilizer and water. After the water in the cultivation pond is cultivated into green, the seedlings will be transferred into the cultivation pond with a transparency of about 20cm, and the cooked egg yolk will be fed. When the seedlings grow to a body length of 1cm, they are constantly fed with rotifers, leeches, and other plankton, supplemented with homemade fish and other food. The feeding method was a multi-day meal, 2 feedings in the morning, 3 feedings in the afternoon and 3 feedings in the evening, and the feeding amount was suitable to be eaten within 1 hour. After 10 days to 15 days, when the body length of the fry is 1.0cm to 1.5cm, it should be divided into pools in time, and the cultivation density should be controlled within 80,000 to 100 thousand per mu.
2. The fish species should be disinfected 10 days before the summer flowering. The stocking density of fingerlings ranges from 20,000 to 30,000 tails/mu, and fish ponds with good conditions can be stocked with more. Before the fish species are stocked, the water quality of the fish ponds is required to be yellowish-green, and the water quality changes are often paid attention. The fermented livestock manure is put in, and the input amount is 60kg/mu to 100kg/mu. If the transparency of the water body is less than 16cm, it can be adjusted by quicklime. The dosage is 5kg/mu. It is advisable that the amount of feed is to be eaten within 2 hours. The feeding method is 1/3 of the daily feeding amount at 10:00 am and 2/3 of the daily feeding amount at 6:00 pm. The pond was sprinkled with fish feed. After the fish body was grown to 5 cm in length, the feed amount was fed at 8% to 10% of the body weight of the fish. After the fish body was 10 cm in length, it entered the adult fish breeding stage. In the daily management, first, it is necessary to step up the inspection of the pond to prevent changes in the water quality; secondly, to prevent rat damage and enemies; and thirdly, to inject water frequently, but the water depth should be maintained at about 1.2m to 1.3m.
3. Disease prevention and control During the cultivation of the fingerlings, especially during the summer flowering season, the water temperature has been around 23°C due to the large rainfall around the Hongze Lake. Therefore, the fish body has a certain degree of hydromycosis. % saline bathing fry for 5 minutes for treatment.
V. Summary and discussion
1. In the broodstock breeding process, the method of culturing the broodstock in the cement pool is not applicable. First, the broodstock swims on the wall of the broodstock, friction of the broodstock is excessively large, which causes the broodstock to be injured and is prone to be infected with water mildew. Second, the cement pool is fed. Breeding violates the habit of the loach growing in the fertilizer and water environment, making the gonad gonads develop retarded; the proportion of dystocia is high.
2. Breeding of broodstock should not follow the pattern of broodstock cultivation of the four major fishes. It does not apply to "Chunpeng Chunzhuang" and should only be cultivated in the spring. The reason is that the muddy broodstock is acquired from the market, and there are many parasitic diseases in the body. After winter, the mortality rate of broodstock is high.
3. Breeding of broodstock should adapt to muddy habits, adhere to the cultivation of fertilizer and water, supplemented by artificial feed.
4. During the incubation period, new water should be added to the hatchery tank and cylinder frequently to prevent oxygen deficiency in the fertilized egg and cause the death of the embryo.
5. The key to improving the survival rate of fry is to cultivate plankton as a fry and palatability bait.
6. The breeding density of fingerlings should not be too large. It must be emphasized in the process of large-scale breeding.
First, broodstock breeding
1. Pond selection Pond location selection requires convenient transportation, adequate water sources, good water quality, convenient irrigation and drainage, and supporting power facilities. The pond area is generally required to be approximately 2,000 square meters.
2. A total of 24 polyethylene cages were set up in the cage setup. The area of ​​each cage varied in size. The largest cage area was about 18 square meters, and the smallest cage area was only 6 square meters. The total area was 298 square meters. Evenly distributed in the pond. The total area of ​​cages per acre pond is 220 square meters.
3. Disinfect the pond with water and put quick lime 150kg/mu to completely kill pathogens in the water. The disinfection time is approximately one month before the broodstock is stocked. The purpose is to allow the cage to adhere to some algae and avoid the nets from scratching the fish.
4. Fertilizer After the pig manure is fermented by stacking, the pond fertilizer should be put into the pond at a dosage of 300 kg/mu 5 days before the broodstock is stocked.
5. The broodstock selection is generally selected from the secondary mud louse of the winter age of more than 2 years, requiring the broodstock to be healthy, disease-free and injury-free, with more mucus on the body surface and bright body color. Female broodstock body length 10cm: about 15g ~ 25g body weight, abdomen enlargement, soft and flexible, ovarian contour is more obvious; male broodstock body length 8cm, weight more than 10g, flexible swimming, light squeeze the abdomen is the reproductive hole Semen outflow.
6. Before broodstock disinfection of broodstock, the broodstock is thrown into a large cask and disinfected with 15ppm potassium permanganate solution for 5 minutes to 8 minutes.
7. Broodstock stocking Put the sterilized loach into the cage. The stocking density is about 8kg/m2.
8. Water Management After the pro-fish are put into the tank, it is necessary to strengthen the management of pond water quality, which is the key to improving the survival rate of broodstock breeding. The normal water color is yellowish green and brownish green, and the transparency of the water body is maintained at about 20cm. Once it is found that the water quality becomes clear, it is necessary to increase the feed amount in time, and at the same time, put the fermented manure into the pond. Normally, the manure should be applied once every 3 days to 5 days, and the amount of each manure is 80kg/ mu.
9. The feed is fed to the feed on the second day after stocking, and the amount of feed is divided into two cases: First, when the transparency of the water is kept between 16cm and 25cm, the feed amount is 3% of the fish body weight; When the transparency of the water body is greater than 25cm, the feeding should be increased, and the fish body weight should be fed at 5% to 8%. Feeding methods are full-box spreads, feeding 1/3 of the daily feed at 8 a.m. and feeding 2/3 of the daily feed at 7 a.m.
10. Day-to-day management First, persist in stacking pig manure; Second, adhere to the morning, evening and evening patrols to prevent muddy floating heads from occurring, and to do rodent and anti-burglary work; thirdly, to catch the slow-moving, dead broodstock in time; It is to pay close attention to the development of gonads in the broodstock. Fifth, to observe and record the changes in broodstock feeding, activities, water temperature and water color, and to take timely measures to identify problems.
11. Disease prevention In the broodstock breeding process, we insist on prevention and control, and regularly sprinkle lime in the pond. The general dosage is about 9kg/mu, which can not only regulate the degree of sinews in the water, but also effectively kill bacteria in the water. And inhibit the growth of germs. The main diseases in the broodstock breeding process are: parasitosis, which is killed with 0.5ppm copper sulfate; and hydromycosis is treated with 3% saline for 5 minutes to 10 minutes.
Second, artificial breeding
1. Pre-preparation work Prepare 6 cages, immerse and sterilize them with 20ppm bleach, set them in fresh water ponds, and prepare the brooded broodstock into cages. According to the broodstock's body weight, gonadotropin chorionic hormone was prepared, and the syringe preparation should also be sufficient, with an accurate scale. The needle should be kept on the 5th and 4th half needles, and it should be sterilized with high temperature before oxytocin production. The towel and gauze are treated with a high temperature method and then dried for use. All hatchery facilities and water were disinfected 2 weeks before birth. The hatching nests were disinfected with 15 ppm potassium permanganate solution a week ago.
2. Artificial induction of production The first batch of artificial oxytocin production began on June 8. Before spawning, a small pump is used to pump water from the outer pond into the broodstock cultivation pond to form a water stream to stimulate maturation of gonads. After the water is stimulated, some broodstock that wanders around the cage and even flips up and down in the water are fished out with a net bag. Female broodstock should be large in the abdomen, with protruding ovum at the genital hole, lightly pressed abdomen with yellowish or even colorless granules outflow; the pore size of the reproductive pores of the male broodstock will become larger, and milky white semen will flow out gently. Such broodstock can be used. In oxytocin production.
When artificially urging, use the palm of your hand to press against the loach of the loach, and then hold the four fingers together to catch the loin of the loach below the neck, so that the loach will not see the light. Insert the syringe with hormone into the back muscles of the loach and gently insert the hormone into the 45 angles. Mud body. Female broodstock injection doses of 850 international units to 1000 international units of human chorionic gonadotropin, the male broodstock dose halved, and then the female broodstock and male broodstock were placed into a set of cages to observe the situation of estrus. Female broodstock can be artificially inseminated with a small amount of ovulation or by gently squeezing the broodstock out of the egg granules. The effect time is between 9.5 hours and 12 hours.
When artificial insemination, the broodstock is captured and gently wipe off the brood body water with a towel or gauze, then squeeze the belly of the brood fish from the upper abdomen down with appropriate force, squeeze the eggs into the bowl and use the same method. Squeeze into the semen and stir it with your hands or feathers to fully fertilize the eggs. Then fertilize the fertilized eggs into the fish nest made of water peanuts and four-season grass, and put them into the hatchery.
During the artificial incubation process, the fish nests that are filled with fertilized eggs are moored in bricks and immersed in hatching tanks and hatching tanks. The distance from the water surface is 20cm to 30cm, and the density of fertilized eggs ranges from 10,000 grains/m2 to 18,000 grains/m2. When the water temperature is 23°C to 24.5°C, fry can be hatched from 72 hours to 75 hours.
Third, natural breeding before the production of cages and disinfection of hatchery facilities only, specific operations are as follows:
1. Move the mature broodstock into a set cage, put it into the prepared fish nest, and then stimulate the broodstock to mate with running water. The male to female ratio is 2:1, and the broodstock stocking density is 2 kg/m2.
2. Strengthen inspections. Due to natural reproduction, broodstock have a long period of spawning and are intermittent. This requires stricter inspections and prompt removal of the nests from which the eggs have been attached and re-insertion into new nests.
3, During the early days after the heavy rain or thunderstorm, it is a period of time when the loach spawns eggs. It is necessary to strengthen the management.
4. In the process of natural reproduction, the time for mating in the same cage will continue for 3 days to 5 days. The heterosexual broodstock will chase each other and entangle the body from time to time to complete the fertilization process.
5. Select 40 groups of loach to be placed in porcelain bowls and white porcelain bowls. After careful observation, the entire fertilization process will take approximately 30 minutes.
6. The hatching method is the same as artificial hatching.
Fourth, seed cultivation
1. Summer flower cultivation The newly hatched seedlings are tightly attached to the grass handle, the wall of the tank, and the cylinder wall. At this time, they rely on yolk nutrition and do not need to be fed until the seedlings are no longer attached to the attachment. Start feeding. After the start of eating, the seedlings should be combined with fertilizer and water. After the water in the cultivation pond is cultivated into green, the seedlings will be transferred into the cultivation pond with a transparency of about 20cm, and the cooked egg yolk will be fed. When the seedlings grow to a body length of 1cm, they are constantly fed with rotifers, leeches, and other plankton, supplemented with homemade fish and other food. The feeding method was a multi-day meal, 2 feedings in the morning, 3 feedings in the afternoon and 3 feedings in the evening, and the feeding amount was suitable to be eaten within 1 hour. After 10 days to 15 days, when the body length of the fry is 1.0cm to 1.5cm, it should be divided into pools in time, and the cultivation density should be controlled within 80,000 to 100 thousand per mu.
2. The fish species should be disinfected 10 days before the summer flowering. The stocking density of fingerlings ranges from 20,000 to 30,000 tails/mu, and fish ponds with good conditions can be stocked with more. Before the fish species are stocked, the water quality of the fish ponds is required to be yellowish-green, and the water quality changes are often paid attention. The fermented livestock manure is put in, and the input amount is 60kg/mu to 100kg/mu. If the transparency of the water body is less than 16cm, it can be adjusted by quicklime. The dosage is 5kg/mu. It is advisable that the amount of feed is to be eaten within 2 hours. The feeding method is 1/3 of the daily feeding amount at 10:00 am and 2/3 of the daily feeding amount at 6:00 pm. The pond was sprinkled with fish feed. After the fish body was grown to 5 cm in length, the feed amount was fed at 8% to 10% of the body weight of the fish. After the fish body was 10 cm in length, it entered the adult fish breeding stage. In the daily management, first, it is necessary to step up the inspection of the pond to prevent changes in the water quality; secondly, to prevent rat damage and enemies; and thirdly, to inject water frequently, but the water depth should be maintained at about 1.2m to 1.3m.
3. Disease prevention and control During the cultivation of the fingerlings, especially during the summer flowering season, the water temperature has been around 23°C due to the large rainfall around the Hongze Lake. Therefore, the fish body has a certain degree of hydromycosis. % saline bathing fry for 5 minutes for treatment.
V. Summary and discussion
1. In the broodstock breeding process, the method of culturing the broodstock in the cement pool is not applicable. First, the broodstock swims on the wall of the broodstock, friction of the broodstock is excessively large, which causes the broodstock to be injured and is prone to be infected with water mildew. Second, the cement pool is fed. Breeding violates the habit of the loach growing in the fertilizer and water environment, making the gonad gonads develop retarded; the proportion of dystocia is high.
2. Breeding of broodstock should not follow the pattern of broodstock cultivation of the four major fishes. It does not apply to "Chunpeng Chunzhuang" and should only be cultivated in the spring. The reason is that the muddy broodstock is acquired from the market, and there are many parasitic diseases in the body. After winter, the mortality rate of broodstock is high.
3. Breeding of broodstock should adapt to muddy habits, adhere to the cultivation of fertilizer and water, supplemented by artificial feed.
4. During the incubation period, new water should be added to the hatchery tank and cylinder frequently to prevent oxygen deficiency in the fertilized egg and cause the death of the embryo.
5. The key to improving the survival rate of fry is to cultivate plankton as a fry and palatability bait.
6. The breeding density of fingerlings should not be too large. It must be emphasized in the process of large-scale breeding.
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