Broccoli is a high-grade health vegetable with aroma, taste, and flavor. It is also a best-selling product in the international market, and it has now become a high-yield vegetable for export and domestic sales in China. However, due to the high requirements for the growth and development conditions of broccoli and the fact that producers are not familiar with broccoli cultivation techniques, the production is often caused by improper selection of varieties, sowing dates, and improper cultivation and management measures, resulting in malformed flower bulbs and flower buds. Problems such as rotting balls, poor quality, and low yield have directly affected the harvest. The field management techniques for high-yield and high-quality broccoli are summarized below for reference by the majority of producers.
First, the management of seedlings
This period of management is mainly cooling and moisturizing to promote early slow seedlings. In addition to using shading nets to shave the shade, it is necessary to spray water once in the morning and in the evening. In order to prevent the underground pests from biting off the seedlings, Milor was evenly sprinkled on the soil surface when planting. About 7 days after colonization, one-time human excretion or 2% to 3% urea aqueous solution was applied to promote plant growth. To prevent and reduce the occurrence of diseases, spray 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution or 50% carbendazim 600 times once 10 days after colonization.
Second, the management of rosette period
This period is a period of vegetative growth of broccoli, must provide sufficient fertilizer and water, so that stems and leaves grow faster, lay a good nutritional foundation for high yields. This period requires top dressing 2 times. The first top dressing is when the plants begin to grow rapidly (approximately 15 days after planting). Use a small steamed bread to apply urea between the plants and apply urea at a rate of about 15 kg per acre. The second top dressing is in the plants. Before ridge closure, when the heart and leaves of the plant begin to be heart-twisted (about 30 days after planting), combine the weeding agent and apply fertilizer to the soil after opening the shallow ditch between the rows. Mushi compound fertilizer is 20-25 kg or peanut bran 25 kg. Where conditions permit, this period is best to apply human excreta once every 7-10 days. In the early stage of rosette, watering should be sufficient to meet the needs of rapid growth and development of the plants; after planting plants, watering should be appropriately controlled to promote underground root development. Collaterals that occur during this period should be promptly removed to promote the formation of the main curd. At the same time pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases, especially the hazards of diamondback moth (commonly known as hanging threadworm), cabbage butterfly (commonly known as cabbage caterpillar), black rot and soft rot. Diamondback moth can use 5% sharp from the peak of egg hatching to the 2nd instar larvae period. Jin Te 3000 times liquid or 1% insecticide 3000 times liquid spray control; Pieris can be used Bt emulsion 1000 times, or speed killing Ding 1500 ~ 4000 times liquid spray control; black rot and soft rot disease early stages 200 mg/L agricultural streptomycin, or 200 mg/L chloramphenicol, or 75% chlorothalonil 600 times, or 77% can be used to kill 500 to 800 times and alternate spraying control.
Third, the ball period management
In order to promote vegetative growth to reproductive growth and transformation, beneficial flower bulb formation, this period should be properly controlled nitrogen fertilizer, coupled with phosphorus, potash and boron, molybdenum and other fertilizers. In the beginning of the formation of flower bulbs (40 to 50 days after planting) heavy fertilization, Mushi potassium chloride 15 kg, compound fertilizer 15 kg. In order to reduce yellowing of flower bulbs and cavities of flowers and stems, and delay plant senescence, 0.5% borax and 0.5% ammonium molybdate solution were sprayed on the foliage during the formation of flower bulbs. Spraying was performed approximately once every one week, and spraying was continued 2 or 3 times. During the formation of the entire flower bulb, the soil in the field should be kept moist and the diseased leaves, old leaves, and pests should be removed timely. On the side of the hybrid flower bulbs, each cultivar with strong sturdiness is preserved from 3 to 4, and the remaining lateral squid should be removed.
Fourth, the management of the harvest period
This period should not only pay attention to the timely removal of diseased leaves, leaves, in order to facilitate the air and light, and promote the accumulation of nutrients to the flower ball, but also pay attention to control of water, to prevent excessive humidity, causing disease and flower bulb mold rotten. In case of acid rain or foggy weather, sprinkle water in time to wash away fog water and acid rain to reduce the decay of the flower balls. The suitable harvest time of broccoli is short. If the collection is too late, the flower bulb is loose, the buds are yellowing, and the quality is reduced. However, if the harvest is too early, the curdball is small and the yield is low. Generally, the flower bud particles start to loosen slightly or the flower bud particles on the edge of the flower ball are slightly loose, and the flower ball surface is tight and smooth, and the harvesting period is appropriate when there is no bump. Broccoli harvesting should be carried out in the early morning or evening on a sunny day. When harvesting, the bulbs are cut off together with the fatty stems that are about 10 centimeters long. They are placed in a cool, shady and cool place and are packaged and listed as soon as possible. Rapid low temperature storage. On both sides of the flower bulb cultivation, the primary flower bulb should be topdressed once, and about 15 kg of compound fertilizer should be applied per acre. When the lateral flower bulb grows to about 5 cm in diameter, it will be harvested again.
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