Winter turtle farming requires careful preparation to ensure the health and survival of the animals during the cold season. First, selecting a suitable wintering pond is crucial. The pond should be located in areas free from agricultural and industrial pollution, with good drainage and access to clean water. The ideal depth should be at least 2 meters, with a silt layer around 30 cm thick. The pond size should be between 2 to 3 acres, and it's best if it faces the leeward side for protection from strong winds. If possible, divide the pond into different zones for adult, juvenile, and young turtles. Before overwintering, turtles should be disinfected by immersing them in a 4% saline solution for 10 minutes to reduce the risk of disease. For those without the resources, turtles can remain in their original ponds.
Next, water quality must be properly managed. Before winter begins, use standard fishery disinfectants to treat the water. Wait about 7-10 days to ensure the chemicals have dissipated before introducing the turtles. Once they are active, perform a disinfection every three days for the first week, then once a month thereafter. Avoid using chlorine-based products or quicklime, as these can irritate the soft-shelled turtles. Instead, opt for less irritating agents like surfactants or iodine solutions.
Maintaining clean and healthy water is essential. The water should have a transparency of 30 cm, a pH between 7.5 and 8.5, total ammonia nitrogen below 1.5 mg/L, hydrogen sulfide under 0.06 mg/L, and dissolved oxygen above 4 mg/L. Planting aquatic vegetation such as water hyacinth (water lily and narcissus) on the pond surface can help. Use bamboo nets covering 60–70 square meters per mu. These plants absorb harmful substances through their roots, release oxygen, and purify the water. They also provide habitat for the turtles and can be used as feed for livestock like pigs, ducks, and chickens, promoting ecological recycling.
Introduce 60 carp and 20–30 catfish per mu to maintain balance in the ecosystem. Carp filter phytoplankton, while catfish consume zooplankton, helping to control algae growth and keep the water stable. When the temperature rises above 20°C for several days, add 30 cm of fresh water to dilute toxins, increase oxygen levels, and maintain clear, cool, and lively water.
During winter, it's important to manage the pond sediment. Adding zeolite powder or base medicine can help reduce harmful substances in the sludge. Introducing beneficial bacteria such as photosynthetic bacteria, sulfur bacteria, and nitrifying bacteria can improve water quality by increasing oxygen levels and reducing toxins, while also inhibiting harmful bacterial growth.
When the water temperature rises above 20°C, turtles may awaken mid-winter. At this time, feed them to replenish energy. However, soft-shelled turtles often refuse to eat food floating on the water. Therefore, underwater feeding is recommended. Use fresh fish, thread a wire through the head, and hang it in the water for 2–3 hours before removing it to prevent water contamination. Feed daily while the temperature remains above 20°C. Once the temperature drops again, the turtles will hibernate and no feeding is needed.
After the hibernation period, transfer the turtles to regular spring culture management to continue their growth cycle.
Vaccine For Prevention Of Rabies
Rabies vaccine is used in two ways. Rabies vaccine is given to persons who have been exposed (eg, by a bite, scratch, or lick) to an animal that is known, or thought, to have rabies. This is called post-exposure prophylaxis. Rabies vaccine may also be given ahead of time to persons who have a high risk of getting infected with rabies virus. These persons include veterinarians, animal handlers, or travelers who will spend more than 1 month in countries having a high rate of rabies infection, and persons who live, work, or take vacations in wild areas of the country where they are likely to come into contact with wild animals
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