1. Steering Mechanism:
The steering mechanism is responsible for controlling and changing the direction of the tractor, which directly affects its safety. Therefore, it's essential to inspect the steering system thoroughly to ensure it's in optimal condition.
Key points to check:
- Check the tightness of components such as the tie rod, steering arm, and steering base, as well as the locking of split pins.
- Ensure the pre-tightening of the steering shaft by pushing and pulling the steering wheel axially—there should be no noticeable play or shaking.
- Verify that the steering wheel's free play is between 15 to 30 degrees. If it's too much or too little, adjust it promptly.
- Lubricate the ball joints with grease regularly.
- If any cracks or damage are found on the steering parts, do not attempt to weld them; replace them with new ones instead.
- If the steering feels stuck while parking, stop immediately and investigate the cause.
- If you notice vibration or deviation during driving, stop and repair it immediately—do not continue driving.
- If the steering feels unstable or sinks, identify the cause and fix it right away.
2. Braking System:
The braking system is crucial for slowing down and stopping the tractor safely. A thorough inspection is necessary to ensure road safety.
Important checks include:
- Inspect the brake lines for wear and secure connections, especially where they might rub against the frame or bridge.
- Check the level of brake fluid and top it up with the same type if needed.
- Ensure the brake pedal has a free travel of 10-15mm. Adjust if it's too high or too low.
- If the brake pedal sinks, there may be oil leakage or a problem with the master cylinder—inspect and fix it quickly.
- A weak brake could be due to excessive drum clearance, hardened brake pads, or improper parking.
- If the brake pedal feels spongy, it may indicate air in the system.
- Address issues like brake drag or runaway brakes immediately.
- After driving, touch each wheel hub to check for even temperature. If one is excessively hot, it may indicate a faulty brake; if cold, it could mean weak braking.
3. Driving System:
The driving system serves as the structural backbone of the tractor, consisting of the frame, axles, wheels, and suspension. Regular checks are important to maintain stability and performance.
Things to look out for:
- Ensure all frame and axle components are securely fastened.
- Check tire pressure and wear. If tires show uneven wear, determine the cause and correct it promptly. Always keep tire pressure within the manufacturer’s recommended range.
- Inspect the preload on the wheel bearings. Hold the top of the wheel and pull—it should have no noticeable play.
- When adjusting the front wheels, check the kingpin clearance and ensure it's properly lubricated.
- Look for broken leaf springs and apply grease to the pin when necessary.
- Stand in front of the parked tractor and visually check the alignment of the front wheels.
4. Transmission System:
The transmission system transfers power from the engine to the drive wheels. It includes the clutch, gearbox, drive shaft, and rear axle. Each component requires regular maintenance.
Clutch:
- Check the free travel, typically 25-35mm. Adjust if necessary.
- Monitor for slippage, incomplete disengagement, or rough operation.
Gearbox:
- Check for oil leaks and ensure proper gear engagement.
- Listen for unusual noises during operation, which may indicate worn gears or bearings.
- Check the temperature after driving. If it's too hot, the gear oil may be low or degraded—add or replace as needed.
Drive Shaft:
- Inspect and tighten flange bolts if loose.
- Grease the cross shaft and ensure all needle bearings are lubricated. Avoid over-greasing the universal joint to prevent damage to the dust cover.
Rear Axle:
- Check for oil leaks and monitor the temperature after use.
- Listen for abnormal noises, which may indicate worn gears or bearings.
- Measure the total rear gear clearance by lifting the rear wheels and checking the rotation manually.
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