Microbial fertilizer is a type of biological product created by cultivating specific strains of microorganisms. These preparations are non-toxic, environmentally friendly, and help improve plant growth by either enhancing nutrient availability or producing plant growth hormones through microbial activity. Depending on the way they improve plant nutrition, microbial fertilizers can be categorized into five main types.
First, Rhizobium fertilizer promotes nitrogen fixation in legumes by forming root nodules that absorb atmospheric nitrogen, thereby enriching the nitrogen content in the soil. Common examples include rhizobial agents for peanuts, soybeans, and mung beans. Second, Azotobacter fertilizer includes bacteria capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen in the soil and rhizosphere, supplying essential nutrients to plants. Some also produce growth-stimulating hormones, such as free-living and symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Third, Phosphorus-solubilizing bacterial fertilizers convert insoluble phosphates in the soil into forms that plants can easily absorb, improving phosphorus availability. This group includes phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, fungi, and mycorrhizal fungi. Fourth, Silicate bacterial fertilizers break down minerals like mica and feldspar, releasing potassium, phosphorus, and other essential elements to enhance soil fertility. Examples include silicate bacteria and other potassium-releasing microorganisms.
Lastly, Compound bacterial fertilizers contain multiple beneficial microorganisms, such as nitrogen-fixers, phosphorus-solubilizers, and silicate bacteria, which work together without antagonism to boost nutrient supply and promote plant health. They may also include physiologically active substances that further support crop growth.
The application of microbial fertilizers typically involves inoculating crops with these beneficial microbes through methods like seed coating, soil application, or foliar spray. The effectiveness depends on the number of viable microorganisms present, which must meet regulatory standards set by agricultural authorities.
In China, various microbial fertilizers are used in vegetable cultivation, including high-fertility agents, EM bacteria, and mycorrhizal preparations. While their performance varies, they are often applied as base fertilizers, side dressings, or seed treatments. However, due to the need for precise application techniques and favorable environmental conditions, results can be inconsistent. It’s crucial to follow manufacturer guidelines closely for optimal outcomes.
Despite these challenges, microbial fertilizers offer long-term benefits for environmental protection and the production of pesticide-free vegetables. Studies have shown their potential to reduce nitrate levels and improve overall crop quality. As sustainable agriculture becomes more important, the development and widespread use of microbial fertilizers hold great promise and should be encouraged and supported.
Changzhou Timerein Biotechnology Co. , Ltd. , https://www.timereinbiotech.com