The sow’s production capacity mainly includes two parts of the number of weaned pigs per year, including the annual number of litters and litters, of which the number of litters per year is determined by the length of the sow’s breeding cycle, and the number of weaned litters is determined by the number of litters born and weaned. For the former mortality rate, to increase the productivity of the sow, it is necessary to determine the factors that determine the production capacity of the sow and find out the corresponding solutions to increase the productivity of the entire production sow herd.
1. Choosing hybrid pigs for fine pig breeds
In industrial pig production, most of the mothers of commercial pigs use growing or long sows. This is because hybrid sows have heterosis in reproductive performance and are suitable for the market demand for lean pigs. The combination is commonly used in factory pigs in China. When choosing a stocking gilt for growth, the sows should be flat or slightly inclined, the abdomen is relatively loose, and the sows whose abdomen is excessively constricted have poor fertility. Nipples are arranged neatly and evenly, usually in more than 7 pairs, and full teat can not have steamed bread, deputy nipples and so on. The size of the vulva is moderate and sagging, and the sow on the vulva is generally poor in reproductive performance, and often has sympathy or infertility. The maternal (not fat or skinny) that maintains normal conditions has better reproductive performance. Sows with high lean meats have poor reproductive performance. In the three-way hybrid system, no lean meat percentage is required for the female parent.
2, timely breeding
Growling or long-term gilt breeding is generally appropriate for a body weight of 110-115 kg. Above or below this weight has an effect on the number of litters, farther away, the greater the impact. The gilts usually have 36 to 40 hours of estrus from apparent estrus to ovulation, 38 to 44 hours of sow production, and an average of 2 to 7 hours of ovulation. Therefore, the first time from 8 to 12 hours after the start of estrus , The compounding at 12 hours intervals can usually achieve good results. Sows with indistinct estrus need to be reconstituted twice. Sows generally have heat within 3 to 10 days after milk, and sows after pregnancy have to control the amount of feed. Maintaining a moderate condition can increase litter size.
3. Eliminating sows with poor reproductive performance and raising the breeding level
Under normal production conditions, some sows do not have estrus for a long period of time or frequent regrowth. Sows who use drugs for aphrodisiac and improve feeding management or return more than 3 times should be eliminated in time. In my field, sows generally have the highest number of fetuses from 3 to 6 and are reduced to 9 to 10 fetuses with significant performance deviations. This sow should be eliminated. Poor nursing performance or postpartum sow-free sows should be documented and should be phased out if similar conditions occur in the future.
4. Strengthen the feeding and management of boars and pregnant sows so as to reduce the occurrence of sow return, stillbirth, and deformed piglets
The boars require strong physique, robust limbs, and strong sexual desire. Generally insist on checking semen 1 or 2 times a week. The boars, which are less dense and less viable, are immediately stopped and strengthened. Boars should be exercised twice a day, once in the morning and once in the afternoon, and the prepared boar feed can also be fed in an appropriate amount, and the mating strength should be appropriate. Adult boars aged 2 to 4 can be assigned 1 to 2 times a week. There are 1 to 2 days of rest, depending on the condition of the boar.
The gilts were injected with parvovirus, Japanese encephalitis, and pseudorabies vaccines according to their actual conditions when they weighed 80-90 kg to prevent miscarriage, stillbirth, and mummification. The main causes of stillbirth in sows due to inappropriate feed management during pregnancy are: (1) Sows are under strong stress. (2) Feeding a spoilage feed during pregnancy. (3) drastic changes in environmental conditions and temperatures.
The sow should control the amount of feed after pregnancy, generally feeding 1.6-1.8 kg per day within 30 days of pregnancy, 2.1-2.3 kg daily for 30-60 days, and 2.5-2.8 kg daily for 60-108 days. 7 days gradually reduced until 1.2 kg per day, for individual thin, partial fat line pigs should be appropriate, reduce the material, the standard condition of pregnant sows is the middle of the upper side of the membrane. For pregnant sows raised in large groups on the same column, midwives should not be co-opted to avoid crowding and fighting, and disinfection must be done to eliminate epidemics.
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