August is the season of autumn cabbage sowing. Chinese cabbage is a kind of vegetable with simple production, low cost, high yield, large market demand, long edible time, suitable for winter storage, and “seasonal†production. The overall evaluation of Chinese cabbage by farmers is that they can produce high yields but can hardly stabilize production. Chinese cabbage can produce high yields but it is difficult to stabilize its production, which is mainly caused by climatic factors. Farmers' traditional cultivation concept has even worsened the adverse effects of the climate. In the final analysis, people’s wrong ideas lead to wrong practices, which ultimately lead to difficult-to-stable outcomes.
Misunderstanding
"Three Volt" Cabbage
“The head of the radish (correct understanding should refer to carrots), the second-income mustard (cress mustard), three-volume cabbage†is a vegetable farmer rumored in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in more than a hundred years, there is a certain degree of correctness, but to the hi For Chinese cabbage that is cold, poor in disease resistance, and suitable for winter storage, “three volt†sowing is not appropriate in the Central Plains. The general year of “three volts†is in the period from late July to early August, before and after the beginning of autumn. At this time, it is the hottest period of the year in Henan, with high temperatures above 35°C and surface temperatures even above 40°C. Seeding cabbage is like planting "fire." In this environment where the scorching sun burns, the first to be harmed is the young roots of Chinese cabbage. The damage to the root system must result in the formation of weak seedlings, which will invade the three major diseases of the virus, downy mildew and soft rot diseases in the future. Under the hidden dangers. If the rain falls after sowing and the temperature drops and the humidity increases, the young seedlings may be saved from catastrophe. This is a small but probable case.
Solutions
Select early maturing varieties and appropriate late sowing
Taking Zhengzhou as an example, the number of suitable days for the growth of Chinese cabbage is about 90 days. If the early-maturing variety with a growing period of 70-80 days is selected, more than ten days will be allowed between the number of growing days of the species and the local suitable growth period. The sowing can be delayed for 7 to 10 days to avoid the danger of high-temperature and strong light before and after the fall, which is conducive to the formation of strong seedlings. In addition, with the declining temperature in September, Chinese cabbage has entered the seedling stage, rosette stage, and ball stage successively. At each stage, it is at a temperature suitable for the growth of Chinese cabbage to ensure that the Chinese cabbage does not become ill and produce high quality and high yields.
At present, many early-maturing varieties are suitable for autumn sowing, such as Xiaobaotou in Xinxiang, No.5 in Yuyi, and Winter in Yuyi (75-80 days of growth period). Some heat-resistant Chinese cabbage varieties in summer, according to the author's test, because of the growth period of these varieties are more than 55 to 60 days, autumn sowing performance is also very good, especially for some Teng Wan late land, the end of August can still be planted Pack into an ideal leaf ball.
The late planting of early maturing varieties is used as an example for the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in the province. The plain area can be planted around August 20, and mountainous areas and hilly areas can be planted 2 to 3 days earlier. Of course, there is a customary sowing time from all over the country, as long as you can ensure that you can produce high yields year after year.
Misunderstanding two
Use early broadcast to make up for lack of land
Some people think that my land is "not strong" and can be compensated by a few days of early sowing. This practice is counterproductive and the result must be ended in failure. Because for Chinese cabbage, which is afraid of high temperature, it will affect the whole life of Chinese cabbage after being exposed to high temperature hazards at the seedling stage. Even if the growth period is extended, it will not be saved.
Solutions
Select early maturing varieties to reduce planting density
It is generally believed that the early-maturing varieties of Chinese cabbage are very small, and even if it is fully grown, it is difficult to catch up with the shape of medium-maturing varieties. This is a fact. However, at present, most families have 3-4 families, and they all like medium-sized cabbage and buy 3 to 4 kilograms of cabbage, which is not only convenient to carry, but also can be eaten in three to four days. This is in line with current consumer psychology.
Early-maturing varieties are small, and this occurs at a specific density. According to the author's test, as long as the planting density is reduced, and the space for individual development is fully provided, the early-maturing varieties can grow into the shape of 3 to 4 kilograms, and the production of 10,000 kilograms per mu is a breeze.
Misunderstanding three
Request a large selection of mid-maturing varieties
Taking the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River as an example, the number of days suitable for the growth of Chinese cabbage will be counted from mid-August to mid-November to 90 days. If the low temperature comes early, sometimes it is less than 90 days. The mid-maturing variety of Chinese cabbage is usually grown for 90 days. If medium-maturing varieties with a growth period of 90 days are selected, because there is no room for maneuvering between the number of days of growth and the suitable growth period, there is a certain degree of risk, which is also caused by large The main reason for the instability of Chinese cabbage production and quality. In the 1980s, the province introduced "Fengkang 70" Chinese cabbage from Shandong because its growth period was only 70 days, and it was properly broadcasted several days later until the harvest time. . In the era of the rapid replacement of varieties today, "Fengkang 70" is still the main cultivar in some places.
Solutions
Fertilizer and water, high ridge cultivation
"Chinese cabbage is a big belly and can eat and can do it again" is the farmer's image metaphor for the characteristics of Chinese cabbage. A Chinese cabbage seed weighs 0.003 grams. After growing for seventy to eighty days, a Chinese cabbage plus its outer leaves (except the abandoned broilers and roots) is harvested at 5,000 grams, an increase of about 1.7 million times. This is amazing. It is difficult to complete the growth rate without sufficient supply of fertilizer and water. Especially when entering the ball period, it is necessary to strengthen fertilizer and water management. The farmers are very familiar with the characteristics of “can eat and drink†of Chinese cabbage. When they grow Chinese cabbage, they will spread the farmyard manure that has been accumulated for one year to the ground. They must also apply cake fat and oil residues to avoid the long-term bad package. Tight.
Cabbage cultivation on high ridges is conducive to ventilation, and water flows through the ditch, which can moisten the root system through lateral infiltration. Seed sowing 8 to 10 days if no rain to water 2 or 3 times, protect the root seedlings. The pest control work must be carried out consistently.
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