The English name of Lepomis Macroehius is Bluegill Sunfish. The freshwater fish of the family Sunfish, native to the freshwater waters of the southern United States and northern Mexico, is one of the important species of aquaculture in North America as a fish species for food, sport fishing, and viewing. China's Hubei, Hunan, and Beijing provinces introduced fry aquaculture as early as 1987, in 1999. Successful domestic artificial breeding. In order to further popularize this species of adult fish breeding technology, from 2000, Xinming Fish and Fish Farm, Leliu Town, Shunde City, Guangdong Province carried out research on adult culture technology of this species, and achieved ideal results and economic benefits. Now relevant The breeding technology research report is as follows:
First, materials and methods
1. Ponds: An area of ​​3.8 acres, with an average depth of 1.5m, rectangular, open environment, good light, adequate water, easy injection and drainage. From July 4th, 2000, it was completely disinfected with drugs for 3 consecutive days. On the first day, 100kg of tea bran was used, 6kg of copper sulfate was used the next day, and 3kg of trichlorfon was used on the third day to kill wild fish and pathogens. On July 5, 2000, 200kg of semi-dry and wet chickens were used as basal fertilizer per acre to cultivate the natural baits of the blue puffer fish species, such as leeches (clad horns), benthic animals and aquatic insects.
2. Fish species stocking: Fish species are derived from artificially propagated seedlings in this field. On July 23, 2000, 40,000-toned blue bream fish species were stocked with 2-4cm in size. In addition, stocking specifications were 0.5kg per tail. 200 fish to control water quality.
3. Feeding management
(1) Feeding After juvenile fish stocks were released on July 23, 2000, July 26-August 5 was mainly used to collect leeches (branch horns) from nearby fish ponds, feeding 5-10 kg per day (wet weight). From August 6th to September 20th, 1750kg of fresh chilled seawater fish is fed, and the equivalent of 1kg of fishmeal per 3kg of small chilled fish is calculated. The total weight of dry feed (fish meal) is 580kg. On September 20th, artificial diets of Blue Sunfish 1 and Blue Sunfish 2 were fed, once a day, and domesticated into the habit of feeding their colonies. The daily dose was 2 - 4%, depending on the change in water temperature, the blue scorpion sunfish took 1-2 hours for the degree, feeding duckweed 50kg every 10 days during the feeding, allowing them to feed freely.
(2) The daily management adheres to the patrol ponds on a daily basis to timely adjust the water quality and observe the activities of the blue ray sunfish. Before November, water injection was conducted 3 times a month, each time about 20 cm of fresh water was added; after that, the water temperature was lower and the frequency of water injection was less. No floating head phenomenon was observed during feeding and there was no significant fish disease. Every day during feeding, the change of water temperature is measured.
Second, the test results
1. Harvest
The trial ended on February 23, 2001, and lasted for 7 months. A total of 2079 kg of American bluegill sunfish were harvested, yielding 547 kg per mu. Weigh 5kg of American bluegill sunfish at random and calculate 86 tails with an average tail weight of 589. According to this calculation, a total of 35,800 blue sunfish were harvested with a survival rate of approximately 90%.
2. Economic benefits
2079kg of bluegill sunfish cultivated in the test has not reached the food specifications (food specifications are generally above 100g), and is used as a stock for feeding Other breeders, and the price is 60 yuan/kg (same price as fish for food products). Income is 124,740 yuan. Expenditure mainly includes: 20,000 yuan for fish species; 2110 kg for feed, 1.02 for feed, 11,800 for total feed; 1,000 yuan for annual pond rental, 8 months for use, and 3.8 mu for fish ponds The period of rent is 2528 yuan, the manual management fee is calculated as 500 yuan per month, the manual management fee is 4,000 yuan, the cost of medicines (including clear pond drugs) is 200 yuan, the total expenditure is 39,828 yuan, and the total profit is 84,912 yuan.
Third, analysis and discussion
1. From the test results, it can be seen that the current input and output ratio of the cultivated blue whiting sunfish is 1:3.13, the profit per kilogram of fish is 40.84 yuan, the profit per mu is 22345 yuan, and the economic benefit is relatively high. However, with the continuous promotion of this species, the gradual decline in market prices is unavoidable and the economic benefits will show a downward trend. However, we also see that the cost of fish species for each 1 kg of blue pelagic fish is 9.26 yuan, accounting for as much as 50.22% of the total aquaculture cost. With the continuous promotion of varieties, artificial propagation and breeding techniques are maturing, and each kilogram of blue sun is increasing. It is also inevitable that the cost of fish species will fall below 2 yuan. Therefore, there should be better development prospects within a certain period of time.
2. During the experiment, the feed coefficient was 1.02 when the blue plaice sunfish grew from 2-4cm in length to 58g in average tail weight, but it was reasonable; however, the cost of feed for each 1kg of bluegill sunfish was 5.68 yuan. The high feed price is mainly due to the fact that the blue ray sunfish are in the stage of promotion and lack of accurate nutrition standards as a basis. Therefore, we should strengthen the study of its nutritional level, formulate a comprehensive nutritional feed formula with reasonable prices, improve the breeding effect, and reduce the cost of breeding.
3. It has been reported previously that the blue pheasant sunfish can be raised for up to 100g-150g in the market for six months. The experimental feeding period from July 23, 2000 to February 23, 2001, lasted for 7 months. The average tail weight of bluegill sunfish had grown to 58 g, and its specification was small. However, in the 7-month feeding period, there were The average water temperature at 4 months was lower than 20°C. The average water temperatures in November, December, January, and February were 19.2°C, 15.5°C, 13.6°C, and 14.5°C, respectively, greatly affecting the growth of bluegill sunfish. speed.
4. In this experiment, 40,000 larvae of 2-40 cm blue bream fish were reared in a pond of 3.8 seedlings. The specifications were small and the density was high, but the survival rate of the bred was 90%, and they were able to eat a large amount of clams, duckweed, and plant stalks. Leaves and other plant feeds, as well as some plankton, benthic animals, small fish, etc., but no killing was found. Therefore, it can be considered that the bluebird sunfish is a relatively mild partial plant omnivorous fish.
During the breeding process, it has also been found that the domestication of blue-tailed sunfish must be cultivated to feed on the habits of the colony, which will help improve its feed utilization rate and growth rate.
5. In the aquaculture process, the culture density was high, and the number of water injections was small. No floating head phenomenon was found, and no fish disease was found, indicating that the variety has strong resistance to hypoxia and disease resistance. However, we cannot ignore the role of improving water quality in promoting the growth of bluegill sunfish and the importance of fish disease control.
First, materials and methods
1. Ponds: An area of ​​3.8 acres, with an average depth of 1.5m, rectangular, open environment, good light, adequate water, easy injection and drainage. From July 4th, 2000, it was completely disinfected with drugs for 3 consecutive days. On the first day, 100kg of tea bran was used, 6kg of copper sulfate was used the next day, and 3kg of trichlorfon was used on the third day to kill wild fish and pathogens. On July 5, 2000, 200kg of semi-dry and wet chickens were used as basal fertilizer per acre to cultivate the natural baits of the blue puffer fish species, such as leeches (clad horns), benthic animals and aquatic insects.
2. Fish species stocking: Fish species are derived from artificially propagated seedlings in this field. On July 23, 2000, 40,000-toned blue bream fish species were stocked with 2-4cm in size. In addition, stocking specifications were 0.5kg per tail. 200 fish to control water quality.
3. Feeding management
(1) Feeding After juvenile fish stocks were released on July 23, 2000, July 26-August 5 was mainly used to collect leeches (branch horns) from nearby fish ponds, feeding 5-10 kg per day (wet weight). From August 6th to September 20th, 1750kg of fresh chilled seawater fish is fed, and the equivalent of 1kg of fishmeal per 3kg of small chilled fish is calculated. The total weight of dry feed (fish meal) is 580kg. On September 20th, artificial diets of Blue Sunfish 1 and Blue Sunfish 2 were fed, once a day, and domesticated into the habit of feeding their colonies. The daily dose was 2 - 4%, depending on the change in water temperature, the blue scorpion sunfish took 1-2 hours for the degree, feeding duckweed 50kg every 10 days during the feeding, allowing them to feed freely.
(2) The daily management adheres to the patrol ponds on a daily basis to timely adjust the water quality and observe the activities of the blue ray sunfish. Before November, water injection was conducted 3 times a month, each time about 20 cm of fresh water was added; after that, the water temperature was lower and the frequency of water injection was less. No floating head phenomenon was observed during feeding and there was no significant fish disease. Every day during feeding, the change of water temperature is measured.
Second, the test results
1. Harvest
The trial ended on February 23, 2001, and lasted for 7 months. A total of 2079 kg of American bluegill sunfish were harvested, yielding 547 kg per mu. Weigh 5kg of American bluegill sunfish at random and calculate 86 tails with an average tail weight of 589. According to this calculation, a total of 35,800 blue sunfish were harvested with a survival rate of approximately 90%.
2. Economic benefits
2079kg of bluegill sunfish cultivated in the test has not reached the food specifications (food specifications are generally above 100g), and is used as a stock for feeding Other breeders, and the price is 60 yuan/kg (same price as fish for food products). Income is 124,740 yuan. Expenditure mainly includes: 20,000 yuan for fish species; 2110 kg for feed, 1.02 for feed, 11,800 for total feed; 1,000 yuan for annual pond rental, 8 months for use, and 3.8 mu for fish ponds The period of rent is 2528 yuan, the manual management fee is calculated as 500 yuan per month, the manual management fee is 4,000 yuan, the cost of medicines (including clear pond drugs) is 200 yuan, the total expenditure is 39,828 yuan, and the total profit is 84,912 yuan.
Third, analysis and discussion
1. From the test results, it can be seen that the current input and output ratio of the cultivated blue whiting sunfish is 1:3.13, the profit per kilogram of fish is 40.84 yuan, the profit per mu is 22345 yuan, and the economic benefit is relatively high. However, with the continuous promotion of this species, the gradual decline in market prices is unavoidable and the economic benefits will show a downward trend. However, we also see that the cost of fish species for each 1 kg of blue pelagic fish is 9.26 yuan, accounting for as much as 50.22% of the total aquaculture cost. With the continuous promotion of varieties, artificial propagation and breeding techniques are maturing, and each kilogram of blue sun is increasing. It is also inevitable that the cost of fish species will fall below 2 yuan. Therefore, there should be better development prospects within a certain period of time.
2. During the experiment, the feed coefficient was 1.02 when the blue plaice sunfish grew from 2-4cm in length to 58g in average tail weight, but it was reasonable; however, the cost of feed for each 1kg of bluegill sunfish was 5.68 yuan. The high feed price is mainly due to the fact that the blue ray sunfish are in the stage of promotion and lack of accurate nutrition standards as a basis. Therefore, we should strengthen the study of its nutritional level, formulate a comprehensive nutritional feed formula with reasonable prices, improve the breeding effect, and reduce the cost of breeding.
3. It has been reported previously that the blue pheasant sunfish can be raised for up to 100g-150g in the market for six months. The experimental feeding period from July 23, 2000 to February 23, 2001, lasted for 7 months. The average tail weight of bluegill sunfish had grown to 58 g, and its specification was small. However, in the 7-month feeding period, there were The average water temperature at 4 months was lower than 20°C. The average water temperatures in November, December, January, and February were 19.2°C, 15.5°C, 13.6°C, and 14.5°C, respectively, greatly affecting the growth of bluegill sunfish. speed.
4. In this experiment, 40,000 larvae of 2-40 cm blue bream fish were reared in a pond of 3.8 seedlings. The specifications were small and the density was high, but the survival rate of the bred was 90%, and they were able to eat a large amount of clams, duckweed, and plant stalks. Leaves and other plant feeds, as well as some plankton, benthic animals, small fish, etc., but no killing was found. Therefore, it can be considered that the bluebird sunfish is a relatively mild partial plant omnivorous fish.
During the breeding process, it has also been found that the domestication of blue-tailed sunfish must be cultivated to feed on the habits of the colony, which will help improve its feed utilization rate and growth rate.
5. In the aquaculture process, the culture density was high, and the number of water injections was small. No floating head phenomenon was found, and no fish disease was found, indicating that the variety has strong resistance to hypoxia and disease resistance. However, we cannot ignore the role of improving water quality in promoting the growth of bluegill sunfish and the importance of fish disease control.
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