This type of vegetables include Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage, rape, and turnip. Cabbage vegetable is one of the most important vegetables in China. It has a wide cultivation area, high yield, good resistance to storage and transportation, and a long supply period. They all have a large leaf area and a large amount of evaporation, but the root groups are shallow, and therefore require higher soil content and soil. They have more leaves, especially nitrogen fertilizers. Potassium fertilizer is beneficial to promote the compaction of the bulbs, and phosphorus fertilizer can promote the formation of vegetable stems. The absorption rate of fertilizer by Chinese Cabbage cabbage is slow at the early stage of growth, and the absorption rate at the beginning of ball growth increases rapidly, and more than half of the quantity is absorbed during this period. It is very important to give enough fertilizer during the ball-bearing period. The lack of fertilizer has a great influence on the yield and the quality of the ball. Non-heading cabbage vegetables, the total absorption of nutrients is relatively small, its demand for fertilizer and water, almost parallel to the growth of the plant. Generally, the absorption is small and slow within 30 days after sowing, and large amount of fertilizer is absorbed after 30 days. Although the absorption per plant is small, because the number of population per unit area is large, it is also necessary to pay attention to the application of fast-acting nitrogen fertilizers many times. Fertilizer-deficient plants grow slowly, have few leaves, and the base leaves tend to be brown and fall off. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer can delay bolting, increase production, and extend the supply period.
Fertilizer is also closely related to the formation of rapeseed meal. When the plants need to have sufficient fertilizer before and after budding to ensure the formation of lettuce. If the fertilizer is insufficient, the quality of the stem will be reduced. When the plants are delayed in development, budding can not be timely, and less fertilizer or no fertilization can be used to promote development, but after budding, fertilizer should be promptly applied to promote the growth of alfalfa. After the main vines are harvested, sufficient fertilizer and water can be given to promote the development, increase the harvest period and increase the yield.
The growth cycle of Chinese cabbage can be divided into vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage. The vegetative growth stage can be further divided into the germination stage, the seedling stage, the rosette stage, the ball initiation stage, the middle stage and the end stage, and then enter the dormancy stage, and enter into the reproductive stage of turning green, convulsion, flowering, and scabbing in the following year. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium during the vegetative growth stage of Chinese cabbage was changed with different growth periods. When the Chinese cabbage with a weight of 5711.1 grams per plant required 9.914 grams of nitrogen (N), 4.522 grams of phosphorus (P2O5) and 20.89 grams of potassium (K2O) for the whole growth period. Absorption ratios differ at different growth stages. The seedling stage has N:P2O5:K2O of 5.7:1:12.7; the rosette period is 1.9:1:5.9; the filling period is 2.3:1:4.1. With the extension of the growth period, the proportion between nutrients decreased, especially the absorption of potassium is the most obvious. Calculated according to this quantity, for each 1000 kg of cabbage produced, 1.77 kg of nitrogen (N), 0.81 kg of phosphorus (P2O5), and 3.72 kg of potassium (K2O) are required. The ratio is 1:0.5:2.1. From the analysis of the mineral elements of Chinese cabbage at the time of harvest, the content of nitrogen in the leaves accounted for 91.9% of the total nitrogen, 6.1% of stems and stems, and 2.0% of roots; the content of phosphorus in the leaves accounted for the total amount of phosphorus. 90.8%, stems accounted for 6.2%, roots accounted for 3.0%; potassium content in the leaves accounted for 89.8% of the total potassium, stems accounted for 7.3%, root accounted for 2.9%. Chinese cabbage is also a calcium-bearing crop. The content of calcium in the outer leaves is as high as 5% to 6%, but the amount of calcium in the heart leaves is only 0.1% to 0.5%. When poor environmental conditions cause physiological calcium deficiency, dry heart disease often forms, which seriously affects the cabbage quality of Chinese cabbage.
From the above summary analysis, it can be seen that the absorption of N, P and K increased gradually with the growth of plants, and the amount of absorption changed significantly with the growth period. In the 25-day seedling period, the absorption of N, P, and K is less than 1% of the total absorption. After more than 20 days of rosette, the absorption only accounts for about 30%, and after 45 days of the ball period However, absorption accounts for about 70% of the total. Although the absolute amount absorbed during the seedling stage is small, the relative content of dry weight is very large. Therefore, the importance of nutrition during seedling period cannot be ignored. Therefore, the method of fertilization should be a combination of phases and priorities, and the key fertilizer period should be from the end of the rosette to the early stage of the package. Chinese cabbage grows fast and grows large. It requires a large amount of organic fertilizer as the base fertilizer. Generally, it applies 4,000 to 5,000 kilograms of perishable quality organic fertilizer per acre. In phosphate-deficient land, superphosphate can be used at a rate of 30 to 30 per acre. The 50 kg dose is mixed with organic fertilizer. Most fertilization methods are paving and can be applied. When the cotyledon of Chinese cabbage is full, the main root has elongated about 10 centimeters. There is a lateral root in the well. At this time, the seedling fertilizer and the eccentric fertilizer can be applied to promote the growth of seedlings. Nitrogen (N) 1 to 1.5 kg per mu is used. When the plant grows 8 to 10 leaves and ends the seedling growth, it is necessary to fertilize between the rows and apply 1500 kg of organic fertilizer or 15 to 20 kg of NPK fertilizer per acre. When the Chinese cabbage is in the rosette stage and enters the knot growth stage, it is the vigorous growth stage of Chinese cabbage. At this time, it is the key period of fertilization. Topdressing nitrogen (N) 4 to 5 kg per mu or composting manure 2000 to 3000 kg. In the mid-balloon period, it should be top-dressed 1 or 2 times, and nitrogen (N) 3 to 4 kg per mu should be applied. During the ball-bearing period, decomposed human excrement should also be chased 2 or 3 times. In soils with poor fertility, foliar dressing may be carried out once every 7-10 days from the rosette stage to the early stage of the shoot, spraying with 0.5%-1% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate to obtain Increase production and increase the commodity rate of the first and second-grade dishes.
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