At present, raising dairy cows has become one of the most important ways for farmers to increase income. In the daily management, some dairy farmers still have some misunderstandings about the feeding of dairy cows, especially the lack of standardization of high-yielding dairy cows. Scientific breeding can maintain the health of high-yielding dairy cows, prolong their useful life, and give full play to their milk production. Performance, reduce feeding costs, increase economic efficiency. The following is a brief introduction to the scientific breeding techniques for high-yield dairy cows for your reference.
1. During the dry period, fine feed should be controlled. The diet should be based on roughage, but excessive alfalfa hay and corn silage should not be fed. At the same time, minerals, salt, and a certain amount of long hay should be fed.
2. The perinatal period must be meticulously reared, and the concentrate can be gradually increased in the 2 weeks before the delivery, but the maximum feeding amount must not exceed 1% of the body weight. Feeding of sugar beet slag is forbidden, and other bad residue feeds are appropriately reduced. 1 to 2 days after delivery should be fed easily digestible feed, supplemental feeding 40-60 grams of sodium sulfate, free intake of high-quality forage, appropriate control of salt feed, must not drink cold cows. After the third to fourth days after delivery, the concentrate can be fed gradually and the amount of feed added is 0.5 to 0.8 kg per day. The amount of silage and roots must be controlled. After 2 weeks of labor, the dairy cows have good appetite, normal digestion, lochia net discharge, and physiological swelling of the breasts. The diets can be fed according to the standard, and silage and roots can be gradually fed, but bad residue should be prevented. Root overfeeding and digestive dysfunction.
3, lactation must be fed high-energy feed, and high-yield dairy cows to maintain a good appetite. Try to eat more dry matter and concentrates, but not excessive. Appropriately increase the number of feedings, and feed more feeds with good quality and good palatability. At the peak of lactation, hay and silage should be eaten freely.
4. The energy and protein in the diet should be gradually reduced in the middle and later stages of lactation. In the late stage of lactation, the fine material can be appropriately increased, but the body of cattle should be prevented from being over-fertilized.
5. Early gravid cows should be transferred to adult herds 2 to 3 months before delivery and fed according to the nutritional level of dry cows during adult cow feeding. After childbirth, 20% of nutritional maintenance needs to be increased, and the second child should be increased by 10%.
6. Feed supply throughout the year should be balanced and stable. The winter and summer diets should not be too different, and the feed must be properly matched. When formulating diets, it is recommended that the maximum amount of feed to be fed is: 10 kg of hay (not less than 3 kg), 25 kg of silage, 50 kg of grass (the amount of young grass can be increased), bad residue 10 kg (less than 5 kg of lees), 10 kg of tuberous roots, tubers and fruits, 4 kg of corn, barley, oats, bean cake, 3 kg of wheat bran, and 1 kg of beans.
7. Dairy cows with high lactation duration, high daily milk production, or special conditions (dry milk, late pregnancy) should have clear signs to discriminate against feeding. Feeding must be done regularly, 3-4 times a day. Each time the feed is fed, it is recommended that the feed should be fed alternately with fine and coarse feeds, and a feeding trough should be set up in the stadium for the cows to feed freely. During the feeding process, less feed should be added to prevent overfeeding of concentrate and dregs.
8, winter dietary nutrition should be rich, to increase energy feed, drinking water temperature is maintained at 12 ~ 16 °C, do not drink cold water; summer diet should be properly increased nutrient concentration, ensure adequate supply of drinking water, reduce feed crude fiber content, increase precision The ratio of feed and protein, and supplement feed for roots, tubers, and melons.
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