Ginseng can also be called Tianqi, Jinshantianqi, Tubaiyu, Guangsanqi, and Carrot 7. It is mainly distributed in Liaoning, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, etc. It is one of the Chinese herbal medicines. Qi Jianpi, the effect of promoting blood circulation and relieving pain, can treat diseases such as lung deficiency, cough, body weakness, spontaneous sweating, headache, menstrual pain, etc. Next, Xiaobian talks about the cultivation and management techniques of Chinese herbal medicine mountain wild vegetables.
1 Woodland selection and land preparation
1.1 Suitable plots
The canopy degree is in the range of 0 to 0.7; the north, east and west slopes with a slope of less than 20° can be used; the thickness of the soil layer should be greater than 20 cm; and the surface of the earth is better than the tides and valleys where the water is not flowing, and the growth of the stream is better. .
1.2 Finishing the ground
Remove weeds, root piles, dead branches, fallen leaves, evenly spread humus soil or finely divided farmyard manure, apply 2~3kg/ m2, turn 20cm deep, and make width and height along the slope (0.2～1) ) The soil bed of m × (0.05～0.1 ) m, the shape and area of ​​each bed are made flexible due to the actual ground conditions, but not less than 2m2.
2 Fruit picking and seed treatment
2.1 Fruit cutting and stocking and storage
When the fruit is fully mature and not scattered in May-June, the fruit stem at the lower end of the umbrella-shaped ear is cut and dried for 2 to 3 days. Then, the fruit is removed and the fruit is removed, and the collected seeds are placed in the bag. , stored in a dry place.
2.2 Seed germination treatment
If you want to prepare for sowing in the early spring of the second year, you should soak the seeds in cold water for 24 to 48 hours in January, then mix them with 4 to 5 times the volume of river sand. The moisture content of the sand should be about 25%. In the bag, put it in a cool place of 0-5 degrees, and when the seed germination rate reaches 30% or so, it can be sown. If it is autumn sowing, it is not necessary to do the above-mentioned low temperature sand storage treatment, but it should be immersed in cold water for 24 to 48 hours before sowing.
3 sowing
3.1 Forest bed broadcast
Live broadcast refers to the direct seeding of the seed to the forest floor, and the time is divided into autumn or spring sowing. Autumn sowing in October, spring sowing in April-May, the growth of seedlings is less than autumn sowing.
3.2 Sowing on a flat bed
The suitable time for sowing in the flat bed is from April to May, the ditch depth is 1cm, the groove distance is about 15cm, and the seeding amount is larger than the live broadcast, generally 3~4g/ m2, and the cover soil thickness is about 1.0cm.
4 Management and transplanting after broadcasting
4.1 Management after live broadcast
Immediately after the sowing, the bed surface is covered with finely-cut leaves of about 1 cm thickness, and then water can be sprayed, and the water can be sprayed after the leaves are covered. At the same time, in order to prevent the leaves from being scattered by the wind, the branches and wooden sticks should be used to properly press the leaves. When the seedling height is about 5cm, if it is too dense, the seedling should be fixed at a plant spacing of 5~10cm, and the excess seedlings should be dropped.
4.2 Seeding transplanting
After sowing in the flat, gentle slope seedbed, cover and spray water after sowing and weed out at any time. The autumn sowing will be transplanted at the end of the next autumn, and the spring sowing will be transplanted in the late autumn of the year. It can also be transplanted in early spring. The planting depth is generally 10~12cm. After planting, cover the leaves after 3cm, or cover the leaves and then water them. If the leaves are not green in June-July, you can apply 1 urea or diamine fertilizer to the bed surface, and the application amount is 20g / m2. If it does not rain after 2 to 3 days, water it once.
5 Tree pruning and harvesting
5.1 Reduce the degree of canopy
When the canopy density of the tree is greater than 0.7, it will obviously affect the growth of the surface ginseng, so it is necessary to cut off the lower branches from the base or the middle.
5.2 Harvesting
For the purpose of harvesting Chinese herbal medicine, harvesting wild mountain vegetables should be carried out in May every year when the main stem grows to a length of about 30 cm. The surface is kept 3 to 5 cm. The tender stems and leaves are harvested. Be careful when harvesting. Do not pull up the roots.
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