The major diseases that endanger the chicken industry are most severe in the winter and spring. There are two reasons for this: First, suitable for the survival and spread of most viruses and bacteria in winter and spring; Second, the level of chicken farming in China is low, feeding conditions are poor, management levels can not keep up, ventilation in winter houses, The intensification of the contradiction between temperature and humidity, resulting in the chickens often in the anoxic, low temperature, high humidity, high ammonia, high carbon dioxide in the harsh environment, reduce disease resistance, susceptible to various infectious diseases. First, the incidence of egg drop syndrome (a). The incidence of egg dropping syndrome in the winter and spring seasons has been increasing year by year, mostly occurring during the peak period of egg production or during the rising period of egg production. It is common in natural conditions such as sudden wind, sudden temperature drop, and before and after the holiday. Critical period. The egg production in the flock suddenly dropped, with a drop of about 20%, some even exceeding 40%. Some chickens with reduced egg production did not have other symptoms, and some had respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. (b) Etiological analysis. Most of the causes of decreased egg production are similar to those of respiratory syndrome, or the two symptoms of one disease, or the different focuses of symptoms. Another egg drop syndrome (EDS-76) and virus infection, improper feed or feeding, stress factors, drug side effects and other factors. (c) Control measures. In addition to enhancing the immunity of oil seedlings that produce egg drop syndrome, and enhancing the comprehensive health of laying hens, other control measures are the same as respiratory syndrome. Second, the incidence of broiler ascites syndrome (a). The broilers that are mainly harmful to growth are more common in 4- to 5-week-old animals, and the incidence rate is generally 3%--5%, which is the most serious disease in winter broilers. About 50% of broilers died in winter. The diseased chicken's abdomen enlarged, purple in the head and face, difficulty in breathing, and gradual failure. The necropsy of the dead chicken showed a pale yellow liquid on the abdomen, pericardial effusion, right heart dilatation, pulmonary congestion, edema, liver and gastrointestinal atrophy, and congestion. (b) Etiological analysis. The cause of broiler ascites syndrome is complex and is a multifactorial disease in which chronic hypoxia, cold, high ammonia concentrations, high energy feeds, excessive growth rates, and nutritional factors (such as selenium, vitamin C, and phosphorus ) Lack, poisoning (such as salt, drugs) and genetic factors are the main causes of broiler ascites syndrome. (c) Control measures. (1) Improve the feeding environment. Winter chicken should pay attention to keeping warm, to prevent the temperature inside the house is too low, to ensure a certain temperature in the house at the same time to maximize ventilation, can not keep the doors and windows closed in order to maintain the temperature or increase the stocking density. If improper heating is used, the internal environment will be extremely deteriorated, the concentration of temperature, ammonia gas, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide will be significantly increased, and the oxygen content will be severely insufficient, all of which will lead to the rapid occurrence of ascites syndrome. (2) A reasonable mix of feeds. Winter broiler feed energy should not be too high, salt can not be excessive, calcium and phosphorus to balance, appropriate vitamin supplements (especially vitamin E, vitamin C) and sodium bicarbonate (0.2%) (3) early restriction feeding. Broilers can be fed with appropriate restrictions for 2 to 3 weeks, feeding 90% of the normal diet. (4) Reduce stress response and prevent poisoning. In particular, it is necessary to prevent the administration of sulfonamides and furans that are more toxic to the kidneys and liver. Aminoglycosides, quinolones, and other antibiotics must not be used excessively. Attention must be paid to the deterioration of the feed. (5) drug treatment. Ascites syndrome is often secondary to E. coli disease or chronic respiratory disease. Ampicillin or amoxicillin (10 g/100 kg water) and ciprofloxacin (5 to 10 g/100 kg water) antibiotics may be used to prevent Secondary infection. Third, the chicken swollen syndrome (I) incidence. The chicken swollen syndrome is a multifactorial infectious disease caused by avian pneumovirus and secondary to pathogenic E. coli and other bacterial infections, and occurs frequently in winter. Broilers, broiler breeders, and commercial laying hens can occur, and are common in broilers. Diseased corn around the eyes, head and face, and even mandibular and meat swelling swelling, and showed a certain degree of shaking his head, torticollis and other neurological symptoms, necropsy and facial subcutaneous examination, visible yellow jelly-like or purulent edema. (b) Control measures. (1) Improve the feeding environment. Refer to the improvement measures in broiler ascites syndrome. (2) Prevention of secondary bacterial infections. Sulfamonomethoxine (0.03%), ciprofloxacin, or ampicillin can be used for treatment. Antiviral drugs can be used as appropriate. (3) Immunity. Either attenuated seedlings (1 day old spray) or inactivated vaccines may be used for immunization. China Agricultural Network Editor
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