Deer is a ruminant and typically begins sexual maturity at 15-18 months of age, and individual sexual maturity begins at 7 months of age. However, the body matured later, female deer 2-3 years old, male deer 3-4 years old; female deer 4 years old, male deer 5 years old. The estrus and mating are conducted from September to November each year, and the baby is born from May to July in the second year. The duration of estrus in Mei Deer is 24-36 hours, and the estrus goes into estrus in 11-12 hours; the elaphus is short in estrus, about 24 hours, and it enters the estrus after 6-7 hours. If you miss the timing of breeding, directly affect the breeding. In addition, the local climate, breeding conditions, species of deer, nutritional status, and breeding methods are also important factors affecting fertility. The main technical measures for improving deer fertility include the following aspects. First, pay attention to the selection of breeding deer (A) deer species selection should be based on the local climate, feed conditions, deer biological characteristics to select deer species. Under normal circumstances, the south is hot and humid, with rich aquatic plants, red deer should be selected; in the plateau climate areas such as western Sichuan, southern Gansu, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, white-lipped deer can be reared; in the mainland, there can be well-adapted and popular antler products. Red deer and plum deer. Especially spotted deer. Because its deer price is lower than the Tianshan red deer, and is well-fed, it is favored by the deer. (2) The selection criteria for deer species should be based on the excellent characteristics and basic characteristics of the species, and the offspring that have high parental performance, large size, strong physique, beautiful body shape, resistance to roughage, strong adaptability, and strong disease resistance should be selected as the species. The deer is selected in conjunction with its descendants. The deer's age is usually between 3-7 years old and 4-9 years old. The Bucks demanded a beautiful outline of the head, clear lines, a large amount of head, a thick round grass, and a neatly arranged flower drum bean with a flat ring of beads. Prosperous and well-structured. Shoulder width, back straight, full muscle, chest wide and deep, abdominal circumference moderate. Well-developed limbs, thick and powerful, tight hoof tight regulation. Testis symmetry, well-developed. Breeding bucks have a strong sexual desire and a high rate of pregnancy. The amount of antler produced was 20%-30% higher than that of the same age production group. The female deer requires gentle temperament, strong motherhood, large milk production, high fecundity, no evil, bodybuilding, smooth coat, long body, well-developed hindquarters, well-developed breasts and nipples, straight back, strong limbs, and hoofs. Solid, compact skin. (C) The selection of male and female deer species should be based on the individual characteristics of female deer individuals or hierarchical groups, and the appropriate male deer species should be selected for breeding. On the one hand, consideration can be given to the quality of the mating partners, and male and female deer with the same production characteristics and advantages can be selected for mating (homogeneous selection)); male and female deer with different advantages can also be selected for mating, and it is hoped that their offspring can combine the advantages of both parents. (Heterogeneous options). On the other hand, consideration can be given to the mating of the mate's kinship, but inbreeding should be avoided to prevent degradation of production performance. Second, improve the stag's breeding ability (A) select the appropriate breeding age in the general feeding conditions, deer stag, after birth 36 months of age that is over 3 years old, 2 saw the stag can participate in breeding, preferably 3 Seed when sawing. The normal mating age of red deer is correspondingly delayed by 1 year compared to spotted deer. (b) The control of mixed populations is generally from the end of August to the beginning of September in the north. The male and female deer breed and breed, but the actual estrus combination is about half a month later. The deer is about 10 days later than the red deer, and the deer or the deer are bred. It will be about 10 days later. (3) Emphasizing teaching and controlling trials and matings Putting time in order to give full play to the breed ability of the male bucks, speeding up the deer's speed of improvement, and increasing fertility, the type of bucks must be emphasized from the beginning of the first year. After sawing the antler in late August, when the male has a sexual behavior, he or she will be given a fixed password or shout to practice and control his bad behavior. Guide the establishment of behaviors and conditions conducive to mating and release, and ensure the smooth implementation of breeding. (D) regularly placed on the breeding season in the breeding deer breeding season, to ensure that 4 times a day to match the species, each time on the right time less than 30min. In the early and late stages of mating, it must be ensured that both the morning and the afternoon have the right time. After the mating is over, the male deer is set aside. If there are several female deer at the same time, several different kinds of stags can be used to breed. Keep quiet in the breeding environment and guard against frightening stimuli. (5) Artificial insemination can be performed on the estrus female deer using a conditional artificial insemination. At present, the test method (usually using the test cloth method) is mainly used to identify whether the female deer is estrus. Generally in the female deer estrus 8-l0h after insemination, the total fertility rate of up to 75%. Third, improve female deer breeding ability (A) the establishment of breeding core female deer group from the deer group to select the best individuals to establish breeding female core female deer group. Generally, from the selection of the system, the offspring of the excellent species of the deer are selected and directed to cultivate, and the pre-selected deer is obtained and selected again by one breeding. However, most of them are selected from the female deer through breeding tests and identification of descendants in the general production group. Selected criteria also pay more attention to conditions such as appearance and age. (2) Suitable deer breeding age for female deer is 7-16 months of age. Red deer starts to show sexual activity from 16 to 28 months of age. It can produce eggs and can breed. However, for young deer, whose body has not yet fully developed and matured, early mating will affect its growth and development and its useful life. Breeding offspring will be weak and have poor development. Therefore, the female deer should be 70% of the standard body weight before breeding. Sika deer is about 2 years old and red deer is about 4 years old. (3) The female deer group should have the best age structure. The female deer group should have the best age structure, the proportion of old and young deer is too high, even the female deer with a 2-6-year-old better breeding age for consecutive years will not only It directly affects the fecundity of the female deer and has a greater impact on breeding. Therefore, nurses with strong fecundity, large breasts, early babybearing deer, twin female deer, and female deer with more stag stock should be reserved for species use. (D) a reasonable level of nutrition Female deer too fat, too thin will have a shadow. For its fertility, generally from July to the week before weaning, sufficient protein, vitamin and inorganic salt feed should be given until mid-November estrus and breeding, to maintain the middle and upper sensation of spotted deer, red deer has a good sensation You can. (V) Making full use of hybrid superiority to introduce species of male deer or semen, and conduct interspecific or pre-type hybridization with female deer in this field, using modern reproductive techniques such as artificial insemination, simultaneous estrus technology, and corresponding leak detection and replacement techniques. Such as, do a good job of fetal miscarriage of a variety of work, there are effective to improve the reproductive rate, survival rate, twin birthrate, male production rate.
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