What is the best method of fertilizing corn in the “oldest three segments†and “one bombardment� Professor Cao Yiping of China Agricultural University believes that the new and old fertilization methods have their advantages and disadvantages.
Option One: Use compound fertilizers with appropriate proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, urea, diammonium phosphate, and potassium chloride, pass the “oldest three-stage†fertilization method, that is, compound fertilizer for deep application of basal fertilizer; The fertilizer is applied shallowly under the seed and separated; urea is applied as top dressing during the jointing stage of the corn. The advantages of this “old three-stage†fertilization method can be achieved with stable yields in different years, with a large safety factor and a high utilization rate. However, the disadvantage is that it is time-consuming and the farmers are increasingly reluctant to accept it.
Option 2: The “one-shell bombardment†fertilization method using a high-nitrogen compound fertilizer (represented by 28-15-11) is to apply the fertilizer required for the whole growth period of maize as a basal fertilizer. Reapply. The advantage of this method of fertilization is that it is simple and labor-saving, but its effects vary from place to place and from time to time. According to a survey conducted in the northeastern chernozem region, about 60% of the maize production is increased using one-off fertilization, 28% is flat, and 10% is reduced production. The results of surveys applied to alluvial soil areas show that the yield increase is about 60%. The probability of reduction is reduced and the probability of reduction in production increases. These investigations indicate that the effect of this fertilization method is not yet stable. In addition, the safety factor of the fertilization method of the second plan is relatively low, and farmers report more fertilization accidents.
For this reason, it is necessary to analyze the suitability of this fertilization method. First of all, it is necessary to look at the indicators of the output targets and safe and stable production of growers. Even in normal years and with the same nutrient inputs, one-time fertilization cannot be better than staged fertilization.
Because the effect of one-time fertilization is controlled by various factors, the composition and quality of the fertilizer include the location of fertilization, sowing time, temperature, and hydrothermal conditions. In some cases, it is not suitable to use "one shelled bombardment." For example: 1. Crops with longer growing seasons, such as winter wheat and spring maize, should not be fertilized once. Because they need more fertilizer, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer is too large. If it is not possible to deepen deeply and rely only on rotary fertilization, the problem of defertilization in the early stage of seedlings is prone to occur, resulting in low yields or serious replanting. 2. In high-yielding areas, the soil fertility is high, and the sub-fertilization mode of base fertilizer and top-dressing should be implemented; this avoids the use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer at one time and inappropriate use of too many taboos, and can avoid the early growth of spring corn and the late-stage early-attenuation of production. , And cause the problem of nitrogen loss, so as to benefit crops. Considered comprehensively, the suitable conditions for one-time fertilization are mainly in areas of drought and low rainfall, and many places are not suitable.
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