Urea is the highest concentration of nitrogen fertilizer produced in China at present, and the vast majority is used for crop topdressing. So, how can we increase the effect of urea dressing? We believe that the following should mainly be done:
The practice of determining the proportion of topdressing fertilizers based on fertility shows that increasing the amount of fertilizers applied to plots of low- and medium-yielding fields can significantly increase yield. Maintain normal fertilization levels for high-yielding fields. Take the corn field as an example. Generally, on the basis of applying sufficient fertilizer and chemical fertilizer as the base fertilizer, apply 20 kg per acre to high fertility soils, apply 23 kg per acre to medium fertility soils, and apply low-yielding soils. kg.
The main function of top-dressing and top-dressing at the peak season of crops is to regulate the appearance of the crops, meet the needs of the crops in the middle and later stages of the fertility, and increase the yield. The key to increasing the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers is to grasp the critical period and maximum efficiency period for nutrient absorption of various crops, and try to top-dress fertilizers in the nutrient-rich period of crops: corn should be in the period of jointing to large bell-mouth, and sorghum should be in jointing. To the booting stage, wheat is in the three-leaf stage and soybeans are in the early flowering stage.
The practice of applying deep cover soil proves that when urea is applied on the ground surface, most of the nitrogen will be volatilized after 4-5 days at room temperature. The utilization rate is only about 30%, especially in the calcareous and alkaline soils. Surface, the volatilization loss of ammonia is more serious. Therefore, when urea is used to top-dress dry farm crops, it is better to grind the pits or deepen the ditch to less than 10 cm, so that the urea can be located in moist soil, which is conducive to the conversion of urea, and is also conducive to the adsorption of ammonia fertilizers by the soil. , reduce volatilization losses.
Keep a certain distance from the crop because of high urea nitrogen content, nutrient concentration, and high moisture absorption. Therefore, when topdressing, it is necessary to prevent urea from being applied near the roots of crops, and even less from urea, so as not to burn seedlings and affect the growth, and to maintain a certain distance from the crops.
Because it is a kind of low-molecular-weight organic compound that is used earlier than other nitrogenous fertilizers, it has an amination process after it is applied to the soil, that is, it is converted into a highly volatile ammonium carbonate under the action of the urease secreted by the decomposing bacteria. Can be absorbed by the crop roots. Therefore, using urea to topdress crops should be applied about 7 days earlier than other nitrogen fertilizers.
Avoid using urea mixed with alkaline fertilizers is a neutral fertilizer, and fertilizers should not be mixed with alkaline fertilizers to reduce fertilizer efficiency. If it is not possible to mix with non-basic fertilizers, it is also necessary to stagger the fertilization dates, usually every 3-5 days. However, when urea is mixed with potassium chloride, phosphate rock powder, and superphosphate, the effect of increasing production is significant.
It is not advisable to apply urea immediately after topdressing. After the urea is applied to the soil, it cannot be adsorbed by the soil before it is converted into decomposition. If water is applied immediately after dressing, urea can be lost. Soil water shortage, non-irrigation can not be time, but also to do small ground irrigation, avoid flooding irrigation.
Doing top dressing with urea has less damage to crop leaves, and is easily soluble in water. It is highly diffusive, easily absorbed by leaves, and does not easily cause plasmolysis after entering the leaves. Therefore, it is suitable for top dressing. The concentration of urea as the topdressing fertilizer varies depending on the type of crop. The concentration of topdressing fertilizers outside the crops is 1.5%–2%; the concentration of top dressings for dicotyledonous crops is 1%. The period concentration should also be smaller. Generally, the amount of topdressing fertilizer per acre with urea is 0.5 kg to 1.5 kg. The spraying time is suitable after 4 pm, when the amount of transpiration is small, the leaf pores gradually open, and the diluted urea solution can be absorbed completely at one night, which improves the utilization of urea.
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