To improve pig farming efficiency and reduce feed costs, several key practices should be implemented. First, breeding hybrids is essential. Hybrid pigs exhibit a significant growth advantage, with an average daily gain that can increase by 25%. They also consume 35% less feed and have a lower incidence of diseases.
Second, selecting high-quality piglets is crucial. Pigs such as Landrace or Yorkshire with good body structure, strong appetites, and long growth periods tend to be more efficient, saving about 20% in feed.
Third, timely castration of male and female pigs helps shorten the fattening period by up to 30 days and reduces feed consumption by 10%.
Fourth, keeping pigs in a loose and comfortable environment minimizes energy expenditure, allowing them to deposit more fat rather than use energy for movement. This can save between 10% and 15% in feed.
Fifth, replacing clinker (a type of feed) with raw materials can significantly cut down on concentrate usage. Using raw ingredients instead of processed ones can save 0.6 to 1 kg of concentrate per kilogram of feed.
Sixth, maintaining a warm environment during winter is important. Using plastic greenhouses and straw bedding on the floor can help reduce energy loss in pigs. At temperatures around 3°C, it's estimated that each kilogram of weight gain saves 0.7 kg of feed.
Seventh, varying feed ingredients improves efficiency. Feeding only corn results in a high requirement—5.5 kg of corn per kilogram of weight gain. However, using a mix of different ingredients can save 2 kg of concentrate per kilogram of weight gain.
Eighth, pigs should be slaughtered at the right time. Once they reach 100 kg, their growth slows down, making further feeding less economical. It's better to slaughter them around 90 kg for optimal returns.
Ninth, disease prevention is vital. Regular vaccinations, such as for swine brucellosis and erysipelas, along with disinfecting pig areas every 15 to 30 days, can reduce feed waste by 12%.
Tenth, introducing insects into the diet can enhance pig performance. Combining insect-based feed with concentrates and additives increases appetite, boosts daily weight gain by 15–20%, and saves 18% in feed.
By implementing these ten strategies, farmers can significantly improve productivity, reduce feed costs, and ensure healthier, more profitable pig production.
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