Beijing recently reported a case of imported humans infected with H7N9 bird flu. The Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention announced that at present, China is at a high incidence of human infection with H7N9 avian influenza, and reports of human cases of H7N9 bird flu have continued to appear in many provinces in the south. Although Beijing has issued regulations on closing the live poultry market since 2005, there are still small-scale live-bird trade activities and there are live-bird imports from other provinces and cities. Under the influence of the above factors, it is expected that there will be cases of human infection with H7N9 bird flu in Beijing. The epidemic is mainly distributed, and it is not ruled that there will be a small number of clustered diseases.
In addition, due to the large number of medical institutions in Beijing and the large number of outpatient visits, it is not ruled out that imported cases may be diagnosed in Beijing medical institutions. The Chinese Women’s China Women’s Network reporter interviewed Li Junhong, director of the emergency department at Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University. Li Junhong reminded that 2016 reported cases of communicable diseases in the country showed that there were more than 100 cases of human infection with H7N9 bird flu, and new cases will increase in 2017.
Human Infection with H7N9 Avian Influenza Virus is a New Type of Reassortant Virus
Li Junhong, director of the introduction, people suffering from influenza is a common infectious disease, the incidence rate of 5% to 10%, that is, 100 people have 5 to 10 individuals will get the flu. Animals can also get the flu. If the bird (chicken) gets the flu, it is called bird flu (chicken flu). In 1997, Hong Kong first discovered that humans were also infected with bird flu.
Avian influenza virus belongs to the genus Influenza A of the orthomyxoviridae family. Avian influenza A virus particles are polymorphic, with a spherical diameter of 80 to 120 nm and a capsule. The genome is a segmented single-stranded negative strand RNA. According to the differences in the antigenicity of outer membrane hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) proteins, they can be divided into 18 H subtypes (H1 to H18) and 11 N subtypes (N1 to N11).
Li Junhong introduced that in addition to infecting poultry, influenza A virus can also infect humans, pigs, horses, otters and marine mammals. The subtypes of bird flu virus that can infect humans are H5N1, H9N2, H7N7, H7N2, H7N3, etc. The human infection of the H7N9 bird flu virus was reported this time.
Li Junhong particularly emphasized that the virus is a new type of reassortant virus. "Reconfigure virus" translation is an upgraded version of the virus. It has a low pathogenicity to poultry, but it is harmful to humans and must be highly valued.
Non-contact live poultry is the key to preventing H7N9 bird flu
When people are infected with H7N9 bird flu, the symptoms are more obvious. What do people have after infection?
Li Junhong, director, said that the main manifestations of the early stage are: fever, cough and other flu symptoms, especially high fever and difficulty in breathing. Specific manifestations are: 1. Flu-like symptoms, such as fever, cough, less phlegm, may be associated with headaches, muscle aches and general malaise. 2. The condition of critically ill patients develops rapidly, manifested as severe pneumonia, and most of the body temperature persists above 39°C. Breathing difficulties may be associated with hemoptysis. 3. Rapid development of acute respiratory distress syndrome, mediastinal emphysema, sepsis, shock, disturbance of consciousness and acute kidney injury, and even death.
How to effectively prevent bird flu? Director Li Junhong also gave six suggestions:
1. Bird flu is an infectious disease that does not come into contact with or eat live poultry and can minimize risk. At least in the near future, do not contact live poultry and their excreta.
2. The recent visit to fever patients, especially those with long-term respiratory diseases, hypertension, and diabetes. Old and young women and pregnant women should be given special protection to avoid visiting patients suffering from infectious diseases.
3. The frozen livestock and poultry products and foods purchased must have quarantine certificates, and raw poultry, meat, and eggs must be cooked.
4. In food processing, it is necessary to separate raw and cooked food to avoid cross-contamination, and raw poultry cannot be used for cooked food.
5. Maintain good personal hygiene habits. Wash your hands before and after meals. Do not spitting. Cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze.
6. Indoor ventilation and ventilation, pay attention to nutrition, exercise.
Bird flu viruses are generally sensitive to heat and can be inactivated by heating at 65°C for 30 minutes or boiling (100°C) for more than 2 minutes. Li Junhong reminds that whether cooked or fried, cooked food is generally safe. The bird flu virus has strong resistance to low temperature, and the virus can survive for 1 week in the lower temperature feces and can survive for 1 year in water at 4°C. In early spring, the temperature in Beijing can reach 7~8°C during the day. The sunshine is bright and the bird flu virus is difficult to survive.
Li Junhong said that at present, the World Health Organization is highly concerned about human infection with bird flu. China has also done in-depth research on bird flu, such as environmental monitoring, monitoring of poultry diseases, human influenza A surveillance, and epidemic prevention departments, hospitals, and doctors are well prepared. At present, environmental monitoring in Beijing is still safe. (China Women's Daily, China Women's Network reporter Ji Xingmin)
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