Chinese cabbage is a common vegetable. Whether it is sold in the south or north of China, it has always been popular. It is also the case that most vegetable farmers grow vegetables. The following small series will share with you a high-yield and high-yield Chinese cabbage cultivation technique. .
First, pre-plant preparation
The Chinese cabbage planting area is best for the soil with fertile sandy light and sticky soil, and the sticky soil is prone to soft rot. The sandy soil with poor water retention and fat retention is not conducive to the normal growth of the leaf ball. 15-20 days before planting, the dead leaves and diseased weeds of the field crops should be thoroughly cleaned outside the ground for deep burial or incineration, and it is best to carry out the plots 15-30 cm. The deep ploughing and drying of the soil reduces the source of the spread of the pathogens in the field while activating the soil.
Second, Chinese cabbage ridge fertilization
1. Applying base fertilizer: The amount of fertilizer needed for the growth period of Chinese cabbage is large. The sufficient base fertilizer is the fundamental guarantee for high yield and good harvest in the later period. Fertilization should adhere to the principle of organic fertilizer and supplemented by chemical fertilizer. The base fertilizer can be applied with 4000-5000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure + 15-20 kg of potassium chloride + 20-25 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu, or 3000-4000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure + 40-45 kg (16-6-18) Potassium sulphate compound fertilizer is about +1 kg of borax. The specific amount of fertilizer is flexibly controlled according to the actual conditions of the plot.
2, ridge planting: Chinese cabbage is best to take the way of ridge ditch planting, on the one hand is more conducive to the drainage and flood control in the field, to prevent excessive humidity or water accumulation after rain, reduce soft rot and other diseases and roots The occurrence of rotten roots, on the other hand, can improve the permeability of the soil layer, improve the soil environment for the root system, and is more conducive to the cultivation of strong seedlings and strong trees. When making ridges, the ridge height is 10 cm, the ridge width is 40 cm, the ridge spacing is 60 cm, or the ridge height is 10 cm, the ridge width is 70 cm, and the ridge spacing is 20 cm. The above two methods can be flexibly selected according to their own planting habits.
Third, Chinese cabbage cultivation method
1. Choosing good varieties: High-quality seeds are the basis for the harvest of Chinese cabbage. You can choose suitable varieties with good maturity, strong disease resistance, good resistance to stress, full grain, even and neat, and eliminate those that are more than broken, damaged, and thin. Seed.
2, soaked seeds: soaked seeds before sowing, can play a good disinfection and sterilization effect, not only can promote the emergence of seedlings, emergence and strong, but also reduce the incidence of Chinese cabbage disease. It can be mixed with 1% Fushuangmei and 90% Ethylphosphorus aluminum for about 15 minutes; or soaked in cold water for 10 minutes before sowing, and then soaked in warm water of about 50 degrees for half an hour.
3. Planting time: The time of planting Chinese cabbage in the north and south regions is slightly different. Generally speaking, the southern region is planted from the end of August to the beginning of September, and the northern region is from the end of July to the beginning of August (or before and after the fall).
4. Planting method: Open the shallow hole or shallow ditch of 1-1.5 cm on the ridge ridge, refer to the seeding density: the row spacing is about 25×35 cm, the seed type is 8-10 seeds, or the seed density is 0.5 cm in the seeding ditch. Conduct a broadcast. When planting, it is necessary to pay attention to watering before planting, re-seeding, and then covering the soil, which can speed up seed germination and emergence, and the seeding amount of mu is generally about 300 grams.
Fourth, strengthen field management
1. Scientific seedlings:
After the emergence of Chinese cabbage, it is necessary to have multiple seedlings. The seedlings should adhere to the principle of “to weaken and stay strong, scientific seedling spacingâ€. It takes about 20 days from sowing to seedling, and the seedling time can be 1 time every 5-6 days. .
The first time can be carried out about 5 days after emergence, and the spacing between the seedlings should be 3 cm complementary crowding; the second seedling can be carried out 5-6 days after the first seedling (or 4 leaves), the hole type plot 3 seedlings can be left in each hole, and the spacing of the seedlings can be kept at a distance of about 8 cm. The reasonable spacing between the seedlings and the seedlings is also maintained. The third seedlings are carried out 5-6 days after the second seedlings, according to the seedlings. Keep the seedlings with the same growth, and then go to the seedlings when the seedlings are finally fixed.
It should be noted that: 1 seedling should be carried out at noon; 2 lacking seedlings should be filled before growing true leaves; if there are insect pests during the three seedlings, they can be sprayed with shallow weeding and pyrethroids. The way the insects are protected.
2. Water and fertilizer management:
Watering Chinese cabbage to see dry and wet soil, the best way to keep the soil moist, not to blindly pour large water or watering too much, suddenly dry and wet will damage the roots of cabbage; Chinese cabbage is mainly in the rosette period and the heart Period (mainly with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer), it is necessary to increase the application of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer (such as phosphorus manure or spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution) during the core-sealing period.
According to the weather and soil drought conditions, watering can be watered 2-3 times in the seedlings. At this time, the nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled; in the rosette period of the core pump, 2000 kg of diluted manure water can be poured; In the developmental enrichment period, 2,000 kilograms of dilute faecal water or 10 kilograms of urea solution is poured, and water is re-watered once after 15 days, and 10 kilograms of potassium sulphate fertilizer is applied; in the cold-forming period, Chinese cabbage is accumulated. The main, can reduce the amount of water and fertilizer application, if the drought can be poured into small amounts of water.
In addition, Chinese cabbage is good for calcium. Spraying 2-3 times of calcium chloride (or calcium nitrate) and appropriate amount of naphthalene acetic acid solution during the ball-forming period can promote the formation of balls and effectively prevent the problem of "dry heart burning" in cabbage. Occurs, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 50% grass ash filtrate can be continuously sprayed 2-3 times during the rosette period to the balling stage, which can increase the weight of single ball and increase the yield of 15-20%. The quality of Chinese cabbage will be more it is good.
It should be noted that: 1 too much watering in the rosette period of the Chinese cabbage will cause the leaves to grow long, the leaves are large but not conceived or unintentional; 2 in the Chinese cabbage ball season, water can be watered every 10 days according to the growth. 1 time (the potential difference can be applied with water), but the watering should be stopped about 10 days before harvesting;
3. Pest control
Common diseases of Chinese cabbage mainly include soft rot, black rot, viral disease, downy mildew, leukoplakia, which can be controlled by drugs such as ethylphosphorus aluminum, mancozeb and carbendazim; and common pests of Chinese cabbage. There are aphids, cabbage caterpillars, mantles, etc.
In the rosette period to the heart-wrenching period, soft rot and black rot occur more frequently. It can be sprayed 2-3 times with 3000 times of 72% agricultural streptomycin solution, and sprayed once every 10-15 days.
The method of planting Chinese cabbage is very simple. If you want to obtain high yield, you only need to strengthen the field management. The above is a small series of cultivation management techniques for Chinese cabbage from sowing to harvesting. I hope that many growers will help.
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