The amount of fertilizer applied to rice should be determined based on various factors such as soil nutrient supply, target rice yield, fertilizer use efficiency, and various fertilizer properties.
(1) Soil nutrient supply
Some of the nutrients that rice absorbs come from the fertilizer applied, and part of it is supplied by the soil. The amount of nutrients provided by the soil depends on the total amount of soil nutrients and their availability. These vary according to soil types, natural conditions, and levels of fertilization and farming management.
Generally speaking, rivers impact soils with higher soil fertility than saline soils; dry lands change paddy fields to release more fertilizer than old rice fields; cold-sweeping fields have higher soil organic matter content but less nutrient release; sandy soils have high ground temperature and nutrient volatilization is fast, but stamina. Poor; low soil temperature, slow release of nutrients but strong stamina. Soil nutrient supply can be estimated from 50% to 70% of the previous year's output.
(2) Fertilizer utilization
Fertilizers applied to the soil cannot be fully utilized by rice in the current season. The fertilizer utilization rate is related to fertilizer types, application methods, and soil properties. Nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer utilization rate were 30% to 50%, calcium superphosphate was 20% to 40%, manure was 10% to 20%, and green manure ploughing utilization rate was 40% to 50%.
The application method is different from the fertilization period, and the fertilizer utilization rate is also different. Deeper fertilization than spreading, concentrated application of BISA can increase fertilizer utilization. Nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer is less than that of top dressing. Top dressing has a high utilization rate during the development of young panicles.
(3) Yield and amount of fertilizer
In actual production, fertilizer yields for different target yields can be estimated based on the amount of fertilizer required for rice, soil fertility, and fertilizer utilization. However, the actual amount of fertilizer often varies depending on the conditions. Although there is a certain correlation between yield and fertilization, under normal circumstances, the yield will increase due to the increase of fertilization. However, the more fertilization, the higher the rice yield, and there should be a certain range.
The appropriate amount of fertilizer varies depending on the variety, soil, climate and cultivation methods. Due to the complexity of the situation, in general, 400 to 500 kg of paddy rice in moderately fertile paddy fields should be treated with pure nitrogen 12 to 15 kg. The appropriate ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:1:1.4.
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