(I. Overview
Magnolia biloba (Magnolia biloba (Rehd.etWils) Cheng), dried bark and root bark. There are warm qi, dampness and spleen, eliminate the role of food. Can cure abdominal pain, fullness, nausea, vomiting, no food to eat, phlegm cough, diarrhea and other embolism. Magnolia officinale is distributed in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, Jiangxi, Anhui, Hunan and other provinces. It is wild and cultivated.
(b) Plant characteristics
Magnolia officinalis, deciduous trees, 700 to 1500 cm high. Leaves alternate, stalked; leaf blade leathery, leaf blade apex concave, forming two round cracks, obovate, apex 2 round fissure, crack depth up to 2-3.5 cm. . Flowers are solitary on the tips of young shoots, tepals 9 to 12 or more, white; male and female mostly. Polymeric fruit base round, slightly heart-shaped, wood, containing seeds 1 to 2 capsules, seed coat bright red. Flowering from April to May and fruiting from June to August.
(III) Growth characteristics
Magnolia loves the cold and humid climate at about 1,500 meters above sea level. It grows faster at seedlings and grows faster at seedlings, but it grows faster at seedlings, but it is not mature at more than 1700 meters. Magnolia officinalis grows at about 500 meters above sea level. Seedlings prefer half-yin and half-yang, and seedlings like to have sufficient light. The soil is neutral and slightly acidic on sandy soil. Avoid sticky soil.
The fruit of Magnolia officinale can blossom for more than 8 years. The growth of Magnolia officinalis is faster, and it can enter the growth period more than 5 years. After the seed dries, it will significantly reduce germination. Low temperature stratification for about 5 days can effectively relieve seed dormancy. Germination temperature is 20-25°C.
(4) Cultivation techniques
1. Site preparation
Magnolia officinalis chooses deep, loose sandy loam soil. Loose, humus-rich, neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam and loam soils are preferred. Mountain yellow and red and yellow soils can also be planted. Soil with poor viscous weight and poor drainage should not be planted. Deep turning, leveling, according to the spacing of 3 meters 4 meters or 3 meters 3 meters open hole, hole depth 40 cm, 50 cm square, ready to plant. Nursery should be selected to sunny, high dry, slightly acidic and fertile sandy loam, followed by yellow loam and light clay. Apply basal fertilizer, plow till it is fine, level and make a 1.2-1.5-meter-wide beam.
2. Breeding method
Mainly seed breeding, can also be used for cutting and cutting propagation.
(1) Seed propagation
With proper cultivation techniques and good field management, in October the fruit scales reveal red seeds, pick fruits, and select large fruits, and the seeds are full of seeds and insects without any pests. Mix the coarse sand, remove the red wax, rub it repeatedly, and sow fresh seeds and nursery. If spring sowing, into sacks, hanging cool and ventilated place, bogey to separate the fruit and seeds. Before sowing, the seeds are wrapped in brown chips and soaked in cold water for 2 days. The red wax outside the seeds is removed with coarse sand, the seeds are washed, and the seedlings are sowed. The seeds are shipped outside for drying for 2 to 3 days and then bagged. , otherwise the germination rate decreases.
Seed treatment before sowing; 1 After soaking for 48 hours, the sand layer is used to remove the waxy layer on the seed surface; 2 Soaking seeds for 24-48 hours, Sheng Zhu 箩 in the water in the inner water to step on the waxy layer; 3 Tea soaking 24-48 Hours, go to the waxy layer.
Seedlings are selected from the semi-negative and semi-pyramid mountains, fertile sandy soil or yellow soil or light soil clay, which can grow more than 30 centimeters in height in one year. If the mountain is raised, it takes more than 2 years to be 100-160 centimeters wide. Seedbed, apply enough basal fertilizer, sowing or seeding, cover the fine soil about 3 cm light pressure, so that the seed and fine soil close, and then cover a thin layer of straw, after the seedlings unearthed, remove the cover grass, and weeding. When the height of the seedling is 6 cm, apply the faeces to the human urine and pay attention to timely watering and drainage.
Drilling mainly, spacing 25-30 centimeters, spacing 5-7 centimeters, after the broadcast cover, cover grass. Sowing can also be used. Use 15-20 kg per acre. Generally 3-4 months after emergence, l-2 years when the seedling height 30-60 centimeters can be transplanted when the time after the deciduous l0 in November or 2-3 months before budding, 1 seed per hole, watering .
Transplanting: Seedling height of about 60 cm from the planting colonization. In the early spring, when they sprouted, when they raised, they dug straight from the edge to prevent rooting. Cut the main root before planting, cut the spacing between the rows by 230 to 300 cm, dig a hole about 60 cm in diameter and about 50 cm deep. When planting, straighten the roots, compact the soil after covering the soil, and then cover the loose layer after watering. Fine soil. After planting, water often to reach seedling survival.
(2) Batten method
After 10 years of growth, Magnolia officinalis grows most seedlings around the base of the trunk. Before the beginning of winter or in early spring, the soil at the base of the mother plant is excavated. From the outside near the base of the mother plant, a knife is used to cross cut in half, and the middle and lower hands are used by hand. Hold and push in the opposite direction of the incision so that the saplings grow about 2 cm long from the incision. Place small stones in the cracks to clamp them. Then cover the ground about 5 to 6 cm above the ground, press and water the water slightly. . The second year of early spring sawing the roots and cutting the roots can cut off the transplanting. In addition, the tree trunks were peeled during harvesting, and a large number of seedlings germinated in the winter in the base of the tree pockets in the following year. The third year of early spring can be transplanted and propagated according to the former method. Each tree can only maintain one seedling rate and grow 10 to It can be harvested 15 years later.
(3) Cut propagation
In February, the l-2-year-old shoots with a diameter of about 1 cm were cut and cut to a length of about 20 cm. The cuttings were inserted in seedbeds, seedlings were propagated with seeds, and transplanted in the following year.
3. Field management
After planting water often, seedlings survived so far. In the first five years, various crops, beans, vegetables, medicinal herbs and other dwarf plants can be interplanted within the forest, and the seedlings can often be removed. Every spring, farmer's fertilizer, grass ash, human waste or mixed ammonium sulfate superphosphate. Fertilization method: Plants are planted with fertilizers and cultivated in the roots of trees. Transplant in dry places should pay attention to drought protection seedlings. For trees growing for more than 15 years, the bark is still very thin. If necessary, cut several knives to promote thickening of the bark.
4. Pest Control
(1) Leaf blight damages the leaves. Control methods; remove diseased leaves; use 1:1:100 Bordeaux spray at the beginning of the disease.
(2) root rot seedlings susceptible to damage, root damage. Pay attention to the root rot at the seedling stage, unplug the diseased plants after discovery, and disinfect acupuncture points to prevent infection. Choose a well-drained area when planting, and pay attention to drainage during the rainy season to prevent root rot.
(3) Blight frequently occurs at the seedling stage.
(4) Brown calf larvae feed on branches. Control methods: kill adult worms; trunk brush whitening agent to prevent adult spawning; use 80% dichlorvos to infuse a cotton ball into the borehole to kill.
(5) The brown larvae and brown larvae gnaw on the leaves and can spray 90% trichlorfon 800 times or Bt emulsion 300 times.
(6) Termite damages the roots. Can be used to kill poisonous spirit powder; or dig nest to kill ants.
(5) Harvesting, Processing and Afforestation
Magnolia officinalis is generally grown for about 20 years. It is fine for 15 years, but the longer the age, the better the bark quality. Harvesting is good from May to June. If you don't make a root strip and dig out, the stripped bark is called root. The section of the trunk is cut by 30 centimeters. The rough skin is scraped off, and the section is peeled off. The branches are then peeled off. The large tube is set in the small box and placed in the container horizontally to prevent the sap from flowing out.
The harvest of Magnolia officinalis flower: The buds were harvested for medicinal purposes around May each year. If it is used as a seed, the seeds of trees grown for about 10 years are used as seeds. Only 4 to 5 flowers can be left in each plant. The seeds will be full, the maturity will be good, the skin will be purple, and the fruit will be cracked to reveal the red seeds.
Processing: Houpu planted more than 15 years to harvest. The longer the growing time, the thicker the skin, and the better the quality of the skin, the different time due to climatic differences. The time for the easy removal of the xylem and phloem is degree, and the skin is taken from around April to August throughout the country. The methods are also different. Some of them are rooted or sawn down. Take 40 centimeters to cut a circle. Strip the bark and scrape the rough skin. Put the tube in the pot and let it open in the water pot, scald with water until it is soft, plug it with grass, place it upside down on the corner of the barrel or room, and cover the wet grass and other materials for 24 hours. Purple brown or brown, oily luster, remove the sub-sheets. Open the sun with a wooden stick, etc., and steam it with a steamer. The two big people rolled up hard and rolled into two volumes. The small ones were rolled into a single roll. The two ends were tied up and dried. At night, they were rewinded into a "well" shape, and they were tied after drying.
Root: can be dried without sweating.
Park flowers: Collect the flowers, put them in a cage and steam them for 5 minutes. Take them out and dry them with a slow fire or bake 70% dry.
Seed-breeding is the main method, and it can also be bred with a bead Seed breeding, strong mother tree, in January when the fruit scales exposed red seeds, the fruit was harvested. Large selection of seeds, full seeds, no pests and diseases for the species, because the seed skin contains wax, moisture is difficult to penetrate, not easy to germinate after sowing, Zhejiang and other places to carry out degreasing treatment, that is, put the seeds in cold water for 1-2 days Remove and put it in a bamboo basket, place it in shallow water, rub it with your feet in the pan, rub it off while washing, remove the oil wax, remove the net, wash the seeds in warm water, and remove and dry Prepare for sowing. In Sichuan Province and other places, when the seeds were harvested, they were mixed with coarse sand and rubbed several times to remove the wax. If seeds are shipped outside, it should not be threshed, so as not to reduce the germination ability.
The breeding grounds were selected to be sunny, slightly acidic and fertile sandy loam, followed by yellow loam or light clay, bogey water and sticky soil, first for 1-1.65 meters wide seedbeds, full base fertilizer, drills, The sorghum flourishes 16.5-26.4 cm in shallow sulcus and is 3.3 cm deep. One grain is planted every 6.7 cm or so. Zhejiang is good before and after the beginning of winter in October-December. Sichuan is generally planted in late February and proved by experiment. The newly harvested seeds are sowed in time in winter with high emergence rate. After sowing, the fine soil is covered with about 3.3 cm, and then the thin layer of straw is covered. After the seedlings are unearthed, they are immediately stamped or weeded. The seedlings are 6.7 cm high and can be used to dilute human waste. Or ammonium sulphate seedlings, watering when the drought, pay attention to drainage during the rainy season, so as to avoid root rot.
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