Important Notes for Introducing Fuqin Golden Fruit, a New Early-maturing Apple Variety

Fu Teng Jin Guo is the leader among the early varieties that were bred in recent years in Daishan County, Anhui Province. It inherited the genetic characteristics of its female parent Red Fuji with good taste, large fruit size, and storage and transportation. It also highlighted its father. The preponderance of Bentomumu No. 1 was reported by the Fruit Industry Bureau of Wushan County, Gansu Province; the unit introduced Futou Golden Fruit Seedlings in Daishan County, Anhui Province, and planted it in the spring of 2010 in Tawangwang Village, Luomen Town, Wushan County, for trial planting. In the second year, there was partial flowering. In the fourth year, the yield was 1300kg per mu. The fruit was visible in the second year of the high tree, and the unit carried out a long inspection of the trees. The fruit of the second year was up to 20kg or more.

The fruit industry bureau of Wushan County, Gansu Province also reported the results of the fruiting and fruit economic characteristics of the Fujieda gold fruit in Tawangwang Village of Luomen Township; the fruit of Futou Golden Fruit was colored in late June and matured in late July, which is earlier than the Gela Group. On the 20th day, the leaves began to fall at the end of November. The fruit has high piles, the fruit shape index is 0.88, the average fruit weight is 212g, the big fruit is 368g, the fruit size is neat, and the fruits above 75mm account for 90%. The fruits are collected and stored 35 days after the natural indoor storage. Skin hardness of 6.5kg/cm2 and soluble solids content of 13% are ideal for very early ripening apples that are listed 15 days before wedging. The fruit set rate of inflorescences can reach 90 when there are no other varieties in the range of 500m around. More than %, it proves that the Fujiten gold fruit can be obtained in high yield without pollination varieties. It is an early mature apple variety that is easy to grow into flowers and easy to produce.

Futeng Guoguo was planted on the Huangqingshan hillside orchard in Chengbei Village, Luyang Town, Jingtai County, Baiyin City, Gansu Province. The success was achieved. The present results are good for three years. The performance is good, the fruit is early, the fruit is big, the color is red and the taste is good. The variety is in Shaanxi. Baishui, Heyang, Dayiqian County, Luochuan, Liquan and other regions all obtained merits, and they performed well. They have strong resistance to ringworm disease, rot disease, early leaf disease, and mycotic leaf disease. , This species has strong adaptability, cold resistance, drought resistance, pest resistance, thin tolerance; tree growth is robust, easy to form short branches, easy to flower. In our country, the current apple production capacity is excess, and the composition of apple varieties is very serious. Due to shortages, lack of medium-maturing varieties, and severe over-fermentation of late-maturing varieties, Fu-Teng Golden Fruit may be preferred as the preferred variety for variety adjustment.

According to years of cultivation experience, Fu Tengjin fruit should pay attention to the following matters when introducing:

I. Moderate scale development has created conditions for commercial production. Decades of development experience show that the scale of production is the fundamental guarantee of commercialization. If any species is too fragmented, it will lead to increased purchase costs of merchants. It is difficult to increase the scale of development, the product can be supplied in bulk, which will help reduce the acquisition cost of merchants, increase the price of fruit, and conduct efficient production. Therefore, when the Fujiatuojin fruit is introduced, it must have a certain scale, and it is particularly suitable for the concentrated development of a village or family farm or enterprise orchard. The planting scale is greater than 100 mu, and its scale advantage will be revealed.

Second, the production target should be set high: water flow to the lower places, people go to the heights is the natural law, fruit industry development experience for many years in Jingning proves that, to a certain extent, there is a positive correlation between production goals and production efficiency, that is, production The higher the goal is, the greater the benefits in production. Therefore, Jingning has been using the special supply of supermarkets as the production target for fine production for many years, and the price of fruit has always maintained the leading level in the country. When introducing Futou Golden Fruit, it is necessary to learn from this successful practice, aiming at high-end market development, facing the current severe shortage of domestic early-maturing varieties, intensifying the development and development process, and producing appropriate products to meet market demands.

Third, to adapt to the characteristics of varieties, carry out quality production, provide high-quality products, and meet market challenges: China's over-development of apples, overcapacity has become a prominent problem in production, although early maturing varieties are seriously short in China, there is room for development, but Due to the openness of agriculture, coupled with the early fruitability of Fujiengjinguo and the uncontrollability of the market economy, FuTou Gold Fruit must pay attention to the quality and conduct quality production in order to increase market competitiveness and increase market share. . The following key links should be noted in the specific production:

1. The planting density is appropriate and should not be too dense: The production experience of Jingning for many years proves that apples should not be densely produced in production. Although dense planting can increase the photosynthetic area in the early stage and promote the early production, the apple is a long-term industry. Looking at the entire growth cycle, the overall efficiency of dense planting and cultivation is lower than that of thin plants. For example, Red Fuji apples are planted in 33 plants per mu in Jingning, and only 22 plants are planted in well-watered areas. Due to easy flowering, Futou Golden Fruit will enter fruition early and is convenient for fruit crown control. It can be properly planted densely. However, the planting density should not be too large. Plant density should be 3m, spacing is 3.5m or row spacing is 4m, and planted per acre is 63- 55 strains are more suitable.

2. Pay attention to age-appropriate results: It is easy to form flowers into the vines and enter the fruition early. Generally, the flowers can be seen in the second year after planting. This is an advantage, but premature results will affect the expansion of the canopy and weaken the tree vigor. More harm than good, so the production should pay attention to age results. In the second year after planting, all the flowers opened should be removed to concentrate the nutrients for the growth of the trees. In the third year, a small amount of fruit can be kept and the fourth year of mass production.

3. Reasonable load to ensure uniform fruit size: Fuguo Golden Fruit ripen early, adequate nutrient supply during flower bud differentiation, and full flower buds formed. This is one of the important reasons for the large size of Futian Golden Fruit, but excessive production As a result, if there are too many results, there will be restrictions on expansion and unfavorable product quality. At the same time, too many results will severely weaken the tree potential. Therefore, strict production of fruit and fruit should be used to control the amount of production. Vine fruit is a large fruit, the sparse fruit spacing should be about 20 cm, mu yield should be controlled at about 3500 kilograms.

4. Strengthen the management of fertilizers and waters and ensure the supply of materials to promote the improvement of fruit quality: Fertilizer is the material basis of apple production, and it should be fully supplied during production so as to give full play to the production potential of Futeng Golden Fruit and increase production efficiency.

As apple is a deep-rooted crop, with strong root system and strong absorptive capacity, it can use deep layers of soil and large water to show strong drought resistance. In most apple production areas in China, natural precipitation can basically meet the needs of growth and development, even in the dry cultivation area. In recent years, due to the application of covering cultivation measures, there is no need for excessive irrigation. The key to production management is to regulate the use of natural precipitation. Due to the obvious features of seasonal precipitation in the north of China, natural precipitation does not match the water needed for the growth of apple trees. The phenomenon is very prominent. The soil can be covered by the flood season, and the water stored in the sky can be stored in the soil for use in the dry season. This is the focus of water management. The average precipitation in Jingning County is only 450 mm, and there is almost no watering. Due to the fact that a large number of covering and cultivation measures such as sand-covering, grass-covering, and film-covering have been promoted in production, the quality of the produced apples has stood out in the country.

Fertilizer management is the key point in the management of Futeng's gold and fruit production. Due to the high apple yield, it consumes more nutrients and must be fully supplied during production to facilitate high yield and quality. The application of base fertilizer in June for fruit-filled fertilizers in June, fruit picking in July, and base fertilizer in September-October should be emphasized. In June, the water-soluble fertilizers should be used for the bulk fertilizers, and the application amount should be determined according to the level of yield. After the fruit is picked in July, topdressing should be carried out in time to supplement the nutrient consumed by the tree as a result of the tree's robust growth and promote the smooth development of flower bud differentiation. When topdressing, high-phosphorus compound fertilizer such as diammonium phosphate is mainly used. During September-October, base fertilizers should be dominated by organic fertilizers, combined with delayed potash and potassium fertilizers to fully supplement soil nutrients, and the amount of organic fertilizers should be guaranteed. The amount of farmyard fertilizers should be between 4,000 and 5,000 kilograms per mu. In the absence of farmhouse fertilizer, it is necessary to use commodity organic fertilizer. This is the fundamental guarantee for maintaining the quality of Futeng Golden Fruit and should be effectively implemented in production.

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