Although turfgrass plants are naturally resistant to dirt, the long-term mowing of lawns results in cut grass clippings being removed, which can no longer be used as fertilizer. This process depletes the soil's nutrients, and as the grass continues to grow, it further reduces the fertility of the turf. As a result, it is essential to regularly replenish the soil with nutrients. Different types of fertilizers can be combined for soil improvement, depending on the specific needs of the lawn.
The type of fertilizer applied to the turf depends on the soil's characteristics, the season, and the appearance of the grass. If the grass appears weak or pale, or if there are signs of moss or weeds, it may indicate that the soil lacks sufficient nutrients. In general, fertilization provides essential nutrients to the lawn. However, since turfgrass primarily focuses on leaf growth rather than flowering, nitrogen becomes especially important. For cool-season grasses, such as fescue or ryegrass, it’s best to apply fertilizer in early spring, mid-spring, and mid-autumn. Warm-season grasses like Bermuda grass should be fertilized in late spring, summer, and late August. Common options include urea or ammonium bicarbonate. For shallow-rooted grasses, adding phosphate fertilizer helps deepen the root system. Additionally, potassium is crucial for maintaining strong, healthy grass growth.
After the turf has been established, organic fertilizer is often applied along with rolling. The most commonly used compost consists of layers of sandy loam, decomposed leaves, grass roots, grass blades, and manure. While the nitrogen content in compost is not high, its main purpose is to improve the soil structure, enhance its physical properties, and encourage better root development. Compost can be applied once every three years, depending on the condition of the lawn. If the surface is uneven, more compost can be used to fill in low areas. A typical application rate is about 1 kg per square meter. For heavy clay soils, adding sand in the fall can help dry the surface, promoting healthier root growth. This leads to thicker, denser grass. Whether compost or sand is used, both should be worked into the soil for maximum benefit.
When establishing a lawn on sandy soil with low pH, it is recommended to apply 15 grams of calcium phosphate and 5 grams of potassium fertilizer per square meter annually. If the soil is too acidic, adding 30 grams of lime per square meter can help balance the pH. It’s worth noting that fine-leaved grasses, such as fescue or bluegrass, although native to poor soils, require proper nutrition due to frequent mowing, watering, and foot traffic. To support their growth, a balanced fertilizer can be used. For example, 10 grams of cake fertilizer, or 2.5 grams of ammonium sulfate combined with 12 grams of superphosphate, can be applied per square meter. Alternatively, 15 grams of complete fertilizer (N:P:K = 10:6:4) is also effective. Cake fertilizer is a slow-release option, best applied before the Spring Festival and fully incorporated in the spring to ensure steady nutrient availability.
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