Putian loach farming is a highly efficient and eco-friendly aquaculture method, typically yielding over 150-200 kg per mu. This technique can be implemented in areas with shallow water and thin silt layers, making it suitable for oyster cultivation as well.
1. **Putian Transformation**:
To begin, dig a circular fish ditch around the field, with a width of 2.5 to 3 meters and a depth of 1 to 1.2 meters. Place one fish pit in each corner or along the edges. The excavated mud should be used to create a slope that is about 1 meter high. Above the slope, cover the area with a 30-mesh white nylon or polyethylene net, ensuring that both ends and joints are buried in the soil or secured with wooden stakes. A second layer of netting can be added outside using polyethylene mesh, while the inner part should be reinforced with metal mesh to prevent escape. Install an injection and drainage system, and make sure the outlets are properly covered.
2. **Stocking Species**:
Before stocking, drain the field and allow it to dry under the sun for 3-4 days. Then, apply 130 kg of organic fertilizer per mu. The next day, spread 250 kg of animal manure and let it dry for 4-5 days. Afterward, fill the field with water and begin planting. One week later, stock 80-100 kg of healthy loach seedlings per mu, with each individual weighing 10-15 grams. Prior to stocking, disinfect the pond with 20 grams of bleaching powder. Soak the loaches in a 3% saline solution for 3-5 minutes to improve their survival rate.
3. **Daily Management**:
Feed the loaches twice a day: 70% of the daily ration in the morning between 6:00 and 7:00, and 30% in the afternoon at 1:00 PM. When the water temperature is 15°C, feed 2% of the total body weight. As the temperature increases, adjust the feeding amount accordingly, with a maximum of up to 10% of the fish’s body weight. If the temperature drops below 10°C, reduce or stop feeding. In the first month after stocking, feed a mix of soybean meal and fried rice bran, once a day, with each feeding amount being 3-4% of the total biomass. After one month, apply organic fertilizer (mainly animal-based) every 15 days at a rate of 100 kg per mu. Alongside this, provide silkworm cocoons, rice bran, bean cake, vegetable cake, and animal waste as supplementary feed. It's best to fertilize and feed in the fish pits during the later stages of growth to facilitate easier harvesting. Regularly inspect the embankments for any damage or collapse, and repair them immediately to prevent predators like birds, rats, and snakes from entering. Change the water once a month, and apply a proper amount of quicklime or bleach to maintain water quality. The management of lotus roots follows standard practices.
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