1. Moderate-Scale Farming Like any other industry, raising sheep should also focus on achieving economies of scale. The appropriate scale of meat goat farming depends on several factors, including investment capacity, market prices, available grazing land, feeding and management conditions, and the balance between public and private ownership. When it comes to natural breeding, the ratio of rams to fertile ewes is typically around 1:25, and an ideal flock size would be between 40 to 50 goats. This helps ensure efficient management while maintaining productivity and profitability. 2. Group Rearing Practices In addition to breeding and production, traditional sheep farming often involves self-cultivation. However, due to different purposes for breeding sheep and lambs, it’s important to separate them into groups. Breeding sheep require more extensive care, focusing on maintaining their body condition, timely breeding, preventing missed mating or abortions, and ensuring proper nutrition during breeding and gestation periods. On the other hand, lamb management emphasizes providing nutritious feed throughout their growth, keeping them warm, and preventing diseases. 3. Construction of Sheep Sheds Off-site sheep sheds offer advantages such as good ventilation, easy waste removal, and better drying conditions. These are widely used in areas with high rainfall and humidity, like Jiangnan. However, it's crucial to protect sheep from cold weather in winter to avoid affecting lamb growth and causing losses in meat quality. Proper insulation and heating can help maintain a healthy environment for all animals. 4. Cultivation of High-Quality Pasture Grass is the primary diet for goats, and providing high-quality, palatable forage is essential for successful goat farming. In Yangzhou City, farmers can use high-yield forage crops like ryegrass, winter grass fields, hillside land, and even interplant ryegrass with forage maize and bamboo. They can also mix agricultural by-products such as soybean straw, peanut vines, and sweet potato leaves to create a balanced feed supply. This ensures year-round green feed availability, reduces costs, and improves overall efficiency. 5. Fattening Lambs The goal of fattening lambs is to increase daily weight gain and improve feed utilization. Traditional grazing methods often lead to energy loss, resulting in lower gains and longer finishing periods. To address this, it's recommended to implement a controlled feeding and fattening system. With adequate green feed or hay, supplementing minerals and concentrates can significantly boost performance. Farmers can use mineral blocks or prepare concentrate feeds using corn and soybean meal. This method can shorten the finishing period by 1–2 months compared to grazing. 6. Appropriate Slaughter Weight Slaughtering goats should be based on factors like daily weight gain, feed conversion rate, slaughter rate, and market demand. If the weight is too low, the goat's growth potential isn’t fully utilized, and meat yield is reduced. Conversely, if the weight is too high, feed efficiency decreases, and meat quality may suffer. Generally, goats of different breeds or crossbreeds are best slaughtered at 6–8 months of age to achieve optimal results. 7. Disease Prevention and Vaccination Disease control has always been a weak point in goat farming, so farmers must pay close attention. Along with maintaining cleanliness and warmth, regular disinfection, vaccination, and deworming are key strategies. Monthly disinfection of pens and pastures using products like iodine solutions, bleach, or caustic soda can help prevent disease outbreaks. Vaccinations against diseases like sheep pox, enterotoxemia, and pleuropneumonia should be administered annually. Additionally, deworming in spring and autumn is essential to keep goats healthy and productive.
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