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Rice-fish farming is an innovative and sustainable agricultural practice that enhances resource efficiency, boosts land productivity, and increases farmers' income. It represents a promising model for ecological agriculture. However, three key challenges must be addressed to ensure the success of this system.
First, there is a conflict between shallow irrigation and fish farming. To resolve this, farmers can create fish ditches and pits within the rice fields. The fish ditches should be about 50 cm deep and wide, arranged in a crisscross pattern to form a "well" structure. Fish pits, each measuring 2 square meters and 1 meter deep, are placed at intervals—typically 1 to 2 per acre. These structures should be interconnected to allow fish to move freely. During shallow irrigation, the water level should be gradually lowered so that fish have time to swim into the ditches and pits. When the field is drying under the sun, it's important to monitor the fish. If they start floating at the surface, immediately add fresh water to the ditches and pits. Rehydration should be done promptly after the drying process.
Second, there is a tension between topdressing (fertilizing during the growing season) and fish farming. Using organic fertilizers combined with a small amount of gold baby bacteria fertilizer, along with sufficient base fertilizer, can significantly reduce the need for additional topdressing. If the rice plants are weak and require extra nutrients, the amount must be carefully controlled. For example, farm manure should not exceed 150 kg per acre, ammonium phosphate should not go beyond 10 kg per acre, and superphosphate should not exceed 6 kg per acre. When applying topdressing, the water depth in the rice field should be at least 15 cm. Ammonium hydrogen phosphate is strictly prohibited in fish farming areas, and all farmyard manure must be fully composted. A safe method involves using a professional Goldbeet fertilizer starter to thoroughly ferment the manure.
Third, there is a challenge in managing rice pests and diseases while raising fish. In a well-managed rice-fish system, pest and disease problems usually decrease significantly, often eliminating the need for chemical treatments. If pesticides are necessary, only those that are less harmful to fish should be used, and the quantity must be strictly controlled. Proper application techniques are essential. Pesticides like "Insecticide," "Entrepreneurial Blight," and "Potato Beggar" are generally considered safe. Before spraying, the water depth in the rice field should be increased to more than 20 cm. Spraying should be done when the morning dew is still dry, and the spray should be directed at a 45-degree angle to the rice plants. After application, new water should be introduced immediately. When changing the water, irrigation should be carried out along the edges to prevent fish from dying due to sudden water changes.
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