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Rice-fish farming is a sustainable and efficient agricultural practice that enhances resource utilization, boosts land productivity, and increases farmers' income. It represents an excellent model for developing ecological agriculture. However, there are three major challenges that need to be addressed in order to ensure the success of this system.
First, there is a conflict between shallow irrigation and fish farming. To resolve this, fish ditches and pits can be created within the rice field. The fish ditch should be about 50 cm deep and wide, arranged in a crisscross pattern to form a "well" structure. A fish pit, measuring 2 square meters and 1 meter deep, should be dug at intervals of 1 to 2 per acre. These structures must be interconnected to allow fish to move freely. During shallow irrigation, water levels should be gradually lowered so that fish have time to retreat into the ditches and pits. If fish start to float at the surface during dry periods, new water should be added immediately to the fish areas. After drying, rehydration must be done promptly to maintain a healthy environment for the fish.
Second, there is a challenge between topdressing and fish farming. To minimize conflicts, it's best to use organic fertilizers combined with a small amount of gold baby bacteria fertilizer, along with sufficient base fertilizer. This reduces the need for frequent topdressing. If additional nutrients are needed, especially when seedlings are weak, the amounts should be strictly controlled. For example, farm manure should not exceed 150 kg per acre, ammonium phosphate should be limited to 10 kg per acre, and superphosphate should not go beyond 6 kg per acre. When applying topdressing, the water level in the rice field should be maintained at more than 15 cm. Ammonium hydrogen phosphate is strictly prohibited in fish farming fields, and all farmyard manure must be fully decomposed. A safe method is to mix the manure with a professional Goldbeet fertilizer starter to ensure proper fermentation.
Third, there is a concern regarding the management of rice pests and diseases in fish farming systems. Once fish and rice are co-cultivated, the incidence of pests and diseases typically decreases significantly, often eliminating the need for chemical treatments. However, if pesticides are necessary, only those that are less harmful to fish should be used. The quantity and application methods must be carefully controlled. Low-toxicity options like "Insecticide," "Entrepreneurial Blight," and "Potato Beggar" are commonly used. When spraying, the water depth in the rice field should be kept above 20 cm. Spraying should be done early in the morning before the dew has dried, and the spray should be directed at a 45-degree angle to the rice plants. After spraying, fresh water should be introduced immediately, and irrigation should be managed carefully along the edges to prevent fish from dying due to sudden water changes.
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