Well-cultivated fish ponds for rational fertilization

1. Apply Base Fertilizer: One week before fish stocking, it's recommended to apply 1 ton of green manure or 500–750 kg of organic manure per 667 square meters in intensively managed fish ponds. However, if the pond water is dark brown or oil green, it’s best to apply fertilizer more sparingly to avoid over-fertilization.

2. Top-Dressing: Most fertilizers are applied as top-dressing because they act quickly and have a short-term effect. A common practice is to apply 2.5 kg of urea and 5 kg of superphosphate per 667 square meters. The fertilizer should be mixed with water and evenly distributed. It's important to monitor the water quality closely. If the water is clear and the fish aren't floating, you can apply a bit more. On the other hand, if the water is too rich and the fish show signs of floating, it’s better to reduce the amount. Fertilizing on sunny days, especially between 8 a.m. and 12 p.m., gives the best results. If done consistently over several days, the effects will be even more noticeable.

3. Seasonal Fertilization: The frequency and amount of top-dressing depend on the season. In early summer, when temperatures fluctuate, it’s better to fertilize less frequently since the water quality can be unstable. During hot summer months, excessive fertilization may lead to poor water quality and fish mortality, so it's essential to maintain a steady and controlled approach. In spring and autumn, when temperatures are lower, organic matter decomposes more slowly, making the water more stable. Therefore, the amount of fertilizer should be reduced during these seasons.

4. Observe the Water Before Fertilizing: Under normal conditions, the pond water should appear grass-green with a transparency of more than 25 cm, which is ideal for fish growth. If the transparency exceeds 30 cm, the water is too lean, and additional fertilizer is needed. Conversely, if the transparency is less than 20 cm, the water is too rich, and there's a risk of algal blooms or oxygen depletion. In such cases, stop fertilizing and replace part of the water to restore balance. Regular monitoring helps ensure that the pond remains healthy and productive throughout the year.

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